原子核[英文版]教学课件电子教案全套课件.pptxVIP

TheNucleusSomenuclearpropertiesStructureofthenucleusThenuclearforceThemassesofthenuclidesThebindingenergyNuclearreactionAlpha,betaandgammaradiationRadioactivedecayFissionFusion2023/12/51

SomewordsNucleus,NucleiNuclide(核素)BindingenergyNuclearreactionAlpha,betaandgammaradiationRadioactivedecayFissionFusionIsotopemassspectrographprotons,neutronsQuakeMassdefect2023/12/52

ThecompositionofthenucleusTherearetwotypesofnuclearparticles(nucleons)knowntoexistwithinthenucleus.Protons:mp=1.6726E-27kg,positivecharge,Neutrons:mn=1.6749E-27kg,neutral,ThenumberofprotonspresentinanynucleusiscalledtheatomicnumberandisdenotedbyZ.Elementsintheperiodictablearesimplyarrangedinascendingorderofatomicnumber.ThetotalnumberofprotonsandneutronsisreferredtoastheatomicmassnumberA.Thesymbolofanucleusisgivenby:ZMAorAZM.2023/12/53

IsotopesIsotopes:NucleiwiththesamevalueofZbutwithdifferentvaluesofAarereferredtoasisotopes.Ortheyhavethesamenumberofprotons,butadifferentnumberofneutrons.Forexample:126C(98.9%),137C(1.10%)Massspectrograph(质谱仪):Aninstrumentusedtomeasurethenuclearmass.Itisbasedontheprincipleofdeflectingpositiveionsinamagneticfieldandinferringthemassofthenucleusfromtheradiusofcurvatureofthetrack.2023/12/54

QuakesThenucleonsarealsocomposites,andcontainobjectscalledquakes.Hadrons(强子)areparticlesthatinteractwitheachotherviathestrongnuclearforces.Mesons（介子）,particleswithintegerspins,Baryons（重子）,particleswithhalf-integerspins2023/12/55

StrongnuclearforcesStrongnuclearforcesareshortrangedandbecomezeroatdistancesgreaterthanafewfemtometers(10-15m).Nuclearforcesaremuchstrongerthanelectricalforces.Thenuclearforceisattractiveattheaverageinter-nucleonseparation.Nuclearforcesdonotdependontheelectricalcharge.p-p,p-n,n-n,Foranucleustobesta