心血管系统疾病详解演示文稿.pptVIP

高血压，脑出血（基底节）本文档共63页；当前第62页；编辑于星期日\14点36分高血压，脑出血（基底节）本文档共63页；当前第63页；编辑于星期日\14点36分Normalaorta,elastictissuestain,lowpowermicroscopic.*Thisisanormalcoronaryartery.Thelumenislarge,withoutanynarrowingbyatheromatousplaque.Themusculararterialwallisofnormalproportion.**Putdownthatjellydoughnutandlookcarefullyatthisaorta.Thewhitearrowdenotesthemostprominentfattystreakinthephoto,butthereareotherfattystreaksscatteredovertheaorticsurface.Fattystreaksaretheearliestlesionsseenwithatherosclerosisinarteries.*图示主动脉的纤维斑块，呈灰白色，圆形或卵圆形，隆起于内膜表面。相邻的内膜皱缩。多在主动脉的肋间动脉开口处。*Thismicroscopiccrosssectionoftheaortashowsalargeoverlyingatheromaontheleft.Cholesterolcleftsarenumerousinthisatheroma.Thesurfaceonthefarleftshowsulcerationandhemorrhage.Despitethisulceration,atheromatousemboliarerare(oratleast,complicationsofthemarerare).*图示三条主动脉，从下向上分别显示轻、中、重度粥样硬化。轻度者只有散在的脂纹，中度者有很多较大的斑块，重度者斑块广泛溃疡形成。*Theanteriorsurfaceoftheheartdemonstratesanopenedleftanteriordescendingcoronaryartery.Withinthelumenofthecoronarycanbeseenadarkredrecentcoronarythrombosis.Thedullredcolortothemyocardiumasseenbelowtheglisteningepicardiumtothelowerrightofthethrombusisconsistentwithunderlyingmyocardialinfarction.*Hereisanexampleofanatheroscleroticaneurysmoftheaortainwhichalargebulgeappearsjustabovetheaorticbifurcation.Suchaneurysmsarepronetorupturewhentheyreachabout6to7cminsize.Theymaybefeltonphysicalexaminationasapulsatilemassintheabdomen.Mostsuchaneurysmsareconvenientlylocatedbelowtherenalarteriessothatsurgicalresectioncanbeperformedwithplacementofadacrongraft.*Thecoronaryarteryshownherehasnarrowingofthelumenduetobuildupofatheroscleroticplaque.Severenarrowingcanleadtoangina,ischemia,andinfarction.*Thereisaseveredegreeofnarrowingi