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Materials in CivilandConstructionEngineering土木工程材料
Chapter5PortlandCement Concrete
IntroductionCompositionofConcrete5.3TheMainTechnicalPropertiesofConcreteTheQualityControlofConcreteTheDesignoftheMixProportionofConcreteContent
5.1Introduction
5.1 IntroductionConcreteisastone-likematerialobtainedbypermittingacarefullyproportionedmixtureofcementsandandgravelorotheraggregateandwatertohardeninformsoftheshapeanddimensionsofthedesiredstructure.Concreteiswidelyusedformakingarchitecturalstructures,foundations,brick/blockwalls,pavements,bridges/overpasses,highways,runways,parkingstructures,dams,pools/reservoirs,pipes,footingsforgates,fencesandpoles,andevenboats.Concreteisusedinlargequantitiesalmosteverywheremankindhasaneedforinfrastructure.Theamountofconcreteusedworldwide,tonforton,istwicethatofsteel,wood,plastics,andaluminumcombined.Concretesuseinthemodernworldisexceededonlybythatofnaturallyoccurringwater.Giventhesizeoftheconcreteindustry,andthefundamentalwayconcreteisusedtoshapetheinfrastructureofthemodernworld,itisdifficulttooverstatetherolethismaterialplaystoday.
5.1 Introduction5.1.1 CharacteristicsofConcreteConvenientforuse:thenewmixtureshavegoodplasticitythatcanbecastintocomponentsandstructuresinvariousshapesandsizes.Cheap:rawmaterialsareabundantandavailable.Morethan80%ofthemaresandandstonewhoseresourcesarerich,energyconsumptionislow,accordingwiththeeconomicprinciple.High-strengthanddurable:thestrengthofordinaryconcreteis20-55MPawithgooddurability.Easytobeadjusted:theconcretewithdifferentfunctionscanbemadejustbychangingthevarietiesandquantitiesofcomposingmaterialstomeetvariousdemandsofprojects.Environment-friendly:concretecanmakefulluseofindustrialwastes,suchasslag,fly
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