Chapter20 PartI by 秦咏梅 Compressed by NHivNOiii——【中国农业大学考研资源】.pdf

CarbohydrateBiosynthesis

1.Gluconeogenesis

2.2.Biosynthesisofglycogen,starch,

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3.andothercarbohydrate

4.Photosyntheticcarbohydrate

5.synthesis(theCalvinCycle);

6.Regulationofcarbohydrate

7.metabolisminplants.

Synthesisanduseofglucoseinthehumanbody

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Tissuesthatsynthesizeglucose:liverandkidney

Tissuesthatuseglucoseastheirprimaryenergysource:

brain,muscle,erythrocytesandtestes

OverviewofGlucoseMetabolism

Glycogen

GlucoseGlucose-6phosphateRibose-5-phosphate

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Pyruvate

AminoacidsLactate

Acetyl-CoA

Definition:theformationofglucosefromnon-

carbohydrateprecursors

Species:allanimals,plants,fungiandmicroorganisms

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Organs(inhigheranimals):occurringlargelyinliver,asmallamountin

kidney

Dailyglucoserequirement(humanbeing):

160g(120gforbrain),glycogencanprovide190g.

Infastingconditions:gluconeogenesisaccountsforupto96%oftotal

glucoseproduction.

Fattyacidoxidationinmammals

provideanimportantenergy

source(andcarbonsourcein

Substratesforplantsandbacteria)for

Gluconeogenesis:gluconeogenesis

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Lactate

Aminoacids

Glycerol

Propionate

Glycerol

Amino

acids

Lactate

GlycolysisandGlucose

gluconeogenesishave3