Dyspnea呼吸困难课件.pptxVIP

Dyspnea呼吸困难

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DefinitionDilatationofnares(鼻翼扇动),cyanosis(紫绀),useofaccessorymusclesofrespirationAbnormalitiesofrespiratoryrate,depthorrhythm

EtiologyRespiratorydiseaseCardicdiseaseToxicNero-PsychogenicHaematologicaldiseaseIncreaseofabdominalpressure(massiveascites(腹水),pregnancy(怀孕)etc)

NormalpersonmayexperiencethephysiologicdyspneaduringheavyexerciseEnvironmentshortofoxygen

RespiratorydyspneaRespiratorydyspneaiscausedbyabnormalventilationandgasexchange、Reductioninventilatorycapacity,hypercapnia(二氧化碳潴留)andhypoxemia(低氧血症)resultingfromrespiratorydisease、Threeclinicaltypes:inspiratorydyspnea,expiratorydyspnea,mixeddyspnea、

InspiratorydyspneaClinicalcharacteristics:visibleindrawingoverthesternalnotch,thesupraclavicularspaces,theintercostalspacesandtheepigastriumintheinspiration(三凹症)、Acpaniedbyacoarse,lowpitchedinspiratorywheezinganddrycough、Stenosisandobstructionoflarynx,trachea,andbronchi

ExpiratorydyspneaClinicalcharacteristics:expirationisprolongedandlabouredwithwheezing、Cause:thedecreaseoflungelasticityandspasmnarrowingofthebronchiolesandsmallerbronchi、Familiardiseases:emphysema(肺气肿),bronchialasthma(支气管哮喘)andchronicasthmaticbronchitis(喘慢支)、

MixeddyspneaClinicalcharacteristics:breathingisdifficultduringbothinspirationandexpiration、Respiratoryfrequencyincreaseandrespirationsuperficial、Cause:decreaseofventilatorsandgasexchangecapacityFamiliardiseases:severepneumonia(肺炎),pulmonaryfibrosis(肺纤维化),massiveatelectasis(大片肺不张)etc

CardiacdyspneaCardiacdyspneaisusuallyattributabletopulmonaryvascularcongestionresultingfromtheleftand/orrightheartfailure、Dyspneaistheprimarysymptomofleftheartfailure、

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