医学术语集锦.doc

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Chapter1Prefixes,suffixes,androots

Whatareprefixes?

Prefixesaretheheadsofwords,derivedfrompre-meaningbefore.Theyarefoundatthebeginningofwordsandmodifytheirmeanings.

Typesofprefixes

Thelistbelowincludescommonlyusedprefixeswiththeirmeaningsandexamplesoftheiruseinbothfamiliarandmedicalwords.

PREFIX

MEANING

FAMILIAREXAMPLE

MEDICAL

EXAMPLE

Direction

hyper-

ab-

ad-

peri-

over,above,excessive,beyond

from,awayfrom

to,toward,near

around,surrounding

hyperactive

abnormal

advance

perimeter

hypertension

abducens

adhesion

pericardium

Quality

mal-

ant(i)-

hypo-

ill,bad,poor

against

deficient

malfunction

antiseptic

hypothyroid

malnutrition

antibacterial

hypoglycemia

Quantity

bi-

tri-

poly-

two

three

many,much

biweekly

triangle

polyunsaturated

bilateral

tricyclic

polycystic

Position

hypo-

post-

pro-

sub-

retro

inter-

ex-

intra-

pre-

extra-

under,beneath

after,behind

before,infrontof

under,below

behind,backward,back

between,among

out,outof,awayfrom

in,within

before,infrontof

outside,outsideof

hypodermic

postmortem

program

subway

retroactive

international

exit

intramural

preface

extraterrestrial

hypogastric

postpartum

procephalic

subcutaneous

retroversion

interscapular

excision

intraoperative

prepyloric

extravasation

Type

aut(o)-

bio-

phon(o)-

self

life

sound,voice

automatic

biology

phonograph

autologous

biopsy

phonocardiography

Prefixesdeterminethemeaning.

Prefixesmeaningnegation:

PREFIX

MEANING

EXAMPLE

ab-

from,awayfrom

abnormal

abuse

de-

down,lackof

dehydrate

un-

not

unbalanced

dis-

separation,removal

disorientation

disorganized

ant(i)-

against

antitoxin

antacid

contra-

against,opposite

contraindication

PrefixesfromGreekandLatin:

Thefollowingprefixes,commonlyusedinmedicalterms,havethesamemeaning.DerivedfromGreek,theirinitialletterinEnglishish;derivedfromLatin,theirinitialletteriss.

GREEK

LATIN

MEANING

hemi-

semi-

half,partial

hex