新编简明英语语言学教程16章期末复习.docx

新编简明英语语言学教程16章期末复习.docx

  1. 1、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。。
  2. 2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载
  3. 3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
查看更多

Chapter one

Chapter one

Introduction

什么是语言学

定义

语言学Linguistics

语言学Linguistics

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

scopeoflinguistics语言学分支必考P2

普通语言学

普通语言学GeneralLinguistics

ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.

Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalledphonetics.

(语音学)

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

(音位学)

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.(形态学)

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax

(句法学)

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.(语义学)

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.(语用学)

(1)Prescriptiveanddescriptive规定与描写Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobedescriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.

(1)Prescriptiveanddescriptive规定与描写

Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,it

issaidtobedescriptive,ifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobeprescriptive.

Modern linguisticsdiffersfrom traditionalgrammar. Traditionalgrammar is

prescriptivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdescriptive.Thetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,whetheritis“correct”ornot.

规定性Prescriptive

Itaimstolaydownrulesfor”correct”behavior,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhatshouldnotsay.

描述性Descriptive

Alinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.

Synchronicanddiachronic共时和历时

Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintimeisasynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisadiachronicstudy.Inmodernlinguistics,synchr

文档评论(0)

dqy118 + 关注
官方认证
内容提供者

该用户很懒,什么也没介绍

认证主体上海海滋实业有限公司
IP属地湖北
统一社会信用代码/组织机构代码
91310115MA7DL1JF2N

1亿VIP精品文档

相关文档