cohesion-and-coherence语篇分析-衔接手段.ppt

衔接与连贯

(cohesionandcoherence)

衔接语篇的有形网络连贯语篇的无形网络

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.(1)GettysburgAddress(AbrahamLincoln)

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnationoranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthefield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.

But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.

Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.

语篇的衔接手段

众所周知，大树是通过许许多多的树叉把大大小小的枝条同树干连接起来形成一个完美的整体。其实语篇就好比是一棵大树——一个条理清晰，上下连贯〔语篇特征〕的整体，那么语篇是靠什么形成的呢？答复是靠衔接手段。

衔接“衔接”这一概念是Halliday于1962年首次提出的。后来在他与Hasan合著的CohesioninEnglish一书中把衔接定义为“存在于篇章内部，使之成为语篇的意义关系”〔HallidayHasan,1976:4〕。他们认为，衔接是产生语篇的必要〔尽管缺乏〕的条件〔1976：298-299〕。在他们看来，有了衔接不一定产生语篇，但是如果没有衔接那么一定不会产生语篇。

他们系统地将衔接分为五大类：照应〔reference〕、替代〔substitution〕、省略〔ellipsis〕、连接〔conjunction〕及词汇衔接〔lexicalcohesion〕。其中