英语语言学-第三章.pptVIP

Lecture3LexiconMorphologyLexiconLexicon：Initsmostgeneralsense,lexiconissynonymouswithvocabulary.Inthissense,lexiconisthecollectionofallthewordsofalanguage.

Initstechnicalsense,lexiconissynonymouswithlexicology,whichisabranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofalanguageandthepropertiesofwordsasthemainunitsoflanguage;inotherwords,itdealswiththeanalysisandcreationofwords,idiomsandcollocations.

1.Word1.1WhatiswordAunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynative-speakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.1.2Foursensesof“word”a.wordismeaningful:b.wordisagrammaticalunit:

c.wordcanbeusedindependently:d.wordisrelativelystableanduninterruptible1.3Classificationofworda.Variablevs.invariablewordsVariablewords:wordsthathaveseriesofgrammaticallydifferentforms.Eg.Followfollowsfollowingfollowed

b.Grammaticalwordsvs.lexicalwordsGrammaticalwords:expressgrammaticalmeanings,suchasconjunctions,prepositions,articles,andpronouns.Invariablewords:wordsthatdonothaveinflectiveendings,suchasconjunctions,prepositions,articles,andpronouns.

Lexicalwords:refertosubstance,actionsandquality,suchasnouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbs.c.Closed-classwordsvs.open-classwordsClosed-classwords:wordsthatcannotbeextendedbythecreationofadditionalmembers.Pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,articles,etcareallclosed-classwords.

Open-classwords:wordscanbeextended.Nouns,verbs,adjectivesandmanyverbsareallopen-classwords.

2.wordclass:wilderrangeofwordclassnewlyintroducedwordclass:(1)particles小品词infinitivemarker‘to’,thenegativemarker‘not’,phrasalverbs,suchasgetby,doup,lookback,etc(2)auxiliaries助动词

(3)pro-form替代形式youpenisred,soismine.HeknowsEnglishbetterthanhedoes.Hehopeshe’