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Chapter

3

Elastomeric

Materials

and

Processes*

JamesM.Margolis

Montreal,Quebec,Canada

3.1Introduction

Anotherimportantgroupofpolymersisthatgroupwhichiselasticor

rubberlike,knownaselastomers.Thischapterdiscussesthisgroup

ofmaterials,includingTPEs,MPRs,TPVs,syntheticrubbers,and

naturalrubber.

3.2ThermoplasticElastomers(TPEs)

WorldwideconsumptionofTPEfortheyear2000isestimatedtobe

about2.5billionpounds,primarilyduetonewpolymerandprocessing

technologies,withanannualaveragegrowthrateofabout6%between

44

1996and2000.About40%ofthistotalisconsumedinNorthAmerica.

TPEgradesareoftencharacterizedbytheirhardness,resistanceto

abrasion,cutting,scratching,localstrain(deformation),andwear.A

*Thechapterauthor,editors,publisher,andcompaniesreferredtoarenotresponsible

fortheuseoraccuracyofinformationinthischapter,suchaspropertydata,processing

parameters,aplications.

3.1

3.2ChapterThree

conventionalmeasureofhardnessisShoreAandShoreDshownin

Fig.3.1.ShoreAisasofterandShoreDisaharderTPE,withranges

fromassoftasShoreA40toashardasShoreD82.Durometerhard-

ness(ASTMD2240)isanindustrystandardtestmethodforrubbery

materials,coveringtwotypesofdurometers,AandD.Thedurometer

isthehardnessmeasuringapparatus;andthetermduromet