麦肯锡-什么是量子计算？（英）-2024.4-8页.pdfVIP

McKinseyExplainers

Whatisquantum

computing?

Quantumcomputingisanewapproachtocalculation

thatusesprinciplesoffundamentalphysicstosolve

extremelycomplexproblemsveryquickly.

April2024

Flipacoin.Headsortails,right?Sure,onceweseeAdditionally,qubitscaninteractwithoneanother.

howthecoinlands.ButwhilethecoinisstillspinningThisisknownasentanglement.Entanglement

intheair,it’sneitherheadsnortails.It’ssomeallowsqubitstoscaleexponentially;twoqubits,for

probabilityofboth.example,canstoreandprocessfourbitsof

information,threecanprocesseight,andsoon.This

Thisgrayareaisthesimplifiedfoundationofexponentialscalinggivesthequantumcomputer

quantumcomputing.muchmorepowerthanclassicalcomputers.

DigitalcomputershavebeenmakingiteasierforHeavyweighttechorganizationsarealreadyplacing

ustoprocessinformationfordecades.Butquantumbetsonquantumtechnology.In2019,Google

computersarepoisedtotakecomputingtoaclaimedthatitsquantumcomputerhadsolvedin

wholenewlevel.Quantumcomputersrepresentjust200secondsaproblemthatwouldhave

acompletelynewapproachtocomputing.Theytakenaclassicalcomputer10,000years(although

havethepotentialtosolveverycomplexstatisticalothertechorganizationsandacademics

problemsthatarebeyondthelimitsoftoday’shavesurfaceddoubtsaboutthevalidityof

computers.QuantumcomputinghassomuchGoogle’sclaim).

promiseandmomentumthatMcK