分子生物学基础 (1).pdf

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AllosteryandthelacOperon

MitchellLewis

DepartmentofBiochemistryandBiophysics,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofPennsylvania,37thandHamiltonWalk,

Philadelphia,PA19104,USA

CorrespondencetoMitchellLewis:lewis@

/10.1016/j.jmb.2013.03.003

EditedbyS.Edelstein

Abstract

Theabilitytoregulategeneexpressionisessentialforcontrollingmetaboliceventsinacell.Proteinsthat

functionlikemolecularswitchesrespondtofluctuationsintheenvironmenttomaintainhomeostasis.The

operonmodel,proposedbyJacobandMonod,providesacogentdepictionforhowgeneexpressionis

regulated.Amolecularmechanismfortheregulationfollowedshortlywiththetheoryforallosterictransition.

Overthepasthalf-century,thedetailsofthelacoperonandtheallostericmodelhavebeentestedusing

genetic,biochemical,andstructuraltechniques.Remarkably,theprinciplesoriginallyputforward50years

agoremainessentiallyunchanged.Modelsfortheoperonandthetheoryofallosterictransitionsaretwoofthe

mostprofounddiscoveriesofmolecularbiology.

Allorganismsmustadapttotheavailabilityoffuelconsequenceofchangesinthesurroundingenvi-

ortoperturbationsintheirsurroundingsinordertoronment,specificallyinresponsetotheaccumulation

maintaintheirviability.Astheenvironmentchanges,ordiminutionofametabolite.2Theoperonmodel

specificmetabolicpathwaysareturnedonoroff.illustratedhowgeneexpressioncouldberegulated,

Bacteria,forexample,caneasilyswitchfromrespondingtochangesintheconcentrationofa

oxidizingonemetabolicfueltoanother,andthisismetabolite.Whenarepressor

学高为师，身正为范！

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