小升初英语语法讲义：动词(三).docVIP

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年级

六年级

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英语

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课程标题

小升初英语语法讲义：动词（三）

学习目标：

1.了解实义动词形式的变化

2.了解主动语态和被动语态

3.掌握动词与todo，doing的固定搭配

考点梳理：

实义动词

实义动词：含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。

一、实义动词的变化：

(1)规则动词变化表：

规则变化

原形动词结尾情况

现在时单三人称

现在分词

过去式和过去分词

一般情况

+s

+ing

+ed

s,x,ch,sh,o结尾

+es

+ing

+ed

辅音字母+y结尾

y→i,+es

+ing

y→i,+ed

重读闭音节，一元一辅结尾

+s

双写辅音字母,+ing

双写辅音字母,+ed

不发音的e结尾

+s

去掉e,+ing

+d

ie结尾

+s

ie→y,+ing

+d

不规则变化

(见不规则动词变化表)

注意：①在加ing或ed时，动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读,“r”应双写。

②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音和元音后读[z]；在[s]、[f]、[z]、[tf]、[dv]后读[iz]。

③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]。

(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)

be(am,is)

was

been

lose

lost

lost

be(are)

were

been

make

made

made

beat

beat

beaten

may

might

become

became

become

mean

meant

meant

begin

began

begun

meet

met

met

blow

blew

blown

mistake

mistook

mistaken

break

broke

broken

must

must

bring

brought

brought

pay

paid

paid

build

built

built

put

put

put

buy

bought

bought

read

read

read

can

could

ride

rode

ridden

catch

caught

caught

ring

rang

rung

choose

chose

chosen

rise

rose

risen

come

came

come

run

ran

run

cost

cost

cost

say

said

said

cut

cut

cut

see

saw

seen

dig

dug

dug

sell

sold

sold

do

did

done

send

sent

sent

draw

drew

drawn

set

set

set

drink

drank

drunk

shall

should

drive

drove

driven

shine

shone

shone

eat

ate

eaten

show

showed

shown

fall

fell

fallen

shut

shut

shut

feel

felt

felt

sing

sang

sung

find

found

found

sink

sank/sunk

sunk/sunken

fly

flew

flown

sit

sat

sat

forget

forgot

forgot/forgotten

sleep

slept

slept

freeze

froze

frozen

smell

smelt

smelt

get

got

got

speak

spoke

spoken

give

gave

given

spend

spent

spent

go

went

gone

spill

spilt

spilt

grow

grew

grown

spoil

spoilt

spoilt

hang

hung/hanged

hung/hanged

stand

stood

stood

have(has)

had

had

sweep

swept

swept

hear

heard

heard

swim

swam

swum

hide

hid

hidden

take

took

taken

hit

hit

hit

teach

taught

taught

hold

held

held

tell

told

told

hurt

hurt

hurt

think

thought

thought

keep

kept

kept

throw

threw

thrown

know

knew

known

understand

understood

understood

lay

laid

laid

wake