新编简明英语语言学教程戴伟栋版.docx

第1章导言

新编简明英语语言学教程戴伟栋版

本章要点：

Thedefinitionandmainbranchesoflinguisticsstudy

语言学的定义和研究范围

ImportantdistinctioninLinguistic

语言学的一些重要区分

Thedefinitionandthedesignfeaturesoflanguage

语言的定义和识别特征

Functionoflanguage

语言的功能本章考点：

语言学考点：

语言学的定义，语言学中几组重要的区别，每组两个概念的含义、区分及其意义；普通语言学的主要分支及各自研究范畴；宏观语言及应用语言学的主要扥只及各自的研究范畴。语言的考点：

语言的定义；语言的识别特征（任意性，能产性，二重性，移位性，文化传递性）；语言的功能

1,Thedefinitionoflinguistics语言的定义：

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage(basedonthesystematicinvestigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetogeneraltheoryoflanguagestructure)

Thescopeoflinguistics语言学的范围

A：micro-linguistics

Phonetics（语音学）:thestudyofthesoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.

Phonology（音系学）:thestudyofhowsoundsputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunication.(语音分布和排列的规则及音节的形式)

Morphology（形态学）:thestudyofthewayinwhichthesymbolsarearrangedandcombinedtoformwords.

Syntax（句法学）:thestudyofrulesinthecombinationofwordstoformgrammaticallypermissiblesentencesinlanguage.

Semantics（语义学）:thestudyofmeaning.

Pragmatics（语用学）:thestudyofthemeaninginthecontextoflanguageuse.

B：macro-linguistics

Sociolinguistics:thestudyofallsocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwiththesocietyformthecoreofthebranch.

Psycholinguistics:thestudyoflanguageanditsrelationwithpsychology.

Appliedlinguistics:thestudyofapplicationoflanguagetothesolutionofpracticalproblems.Narrowlyitistheapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.

Someimportantdistinctionsinlinguistics语言学中的重要区分

A:DescriptivevsPrescriptive描写式与规定式

Descriptive:ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse.

Prescriptive:ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhatshouldt heys