高中英语定语从句.doc

高中英语定语从句

定语从句

高中英语定语从句全文共1页，当前为第1页。定义一、考点聚焦?

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语?

2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后?

Those?who?are?willing?to?attend?the?party,?sign?here?please.?

3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词?

（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-,?any-,?every-和no与-boy,?-thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。?

（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：?

①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。?

This?is?the?place?which?is?worth?visiting.?

②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。?

There?are?many?places?we?can?visit（them）in?China.?

4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词?

关系代词：who,?whom,?which,?that,?whose,?as。?

关系副词：when,?where,?why。that偶尔也作关系副词。?

5、确定关系词的步骤?

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。?

（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。?

6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which?

（1）先行词被①形容词最高级?②序数词?③数词几种词修饰或被?④only、any、few、little、no、all、one?of等修饰时。?

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。?

（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。?

He?was?looking?pleasantly?at?te?children?and?parcels?that?filled?his?bus.?

（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。?

The?village?is?no?longer?the?one?that?was?5?years?ago.?

（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。?

Which?are?the?books?that?you?bought?for?me???

7、宜用which而不用that的情况?

（1）在非限制性定语从句中?

（2）在关系词前有介词时?

（3）当先行词本身是that时?

（4）当关系词离先行词较远时?

8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词?

（1）当主句是there?be句型时，关系词用who。?

（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。?

（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。?

Who?is?that?girl?that?is?standing?by?the?window??

（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。?

9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：?

Do?you?know?Mr.Smith?whose?story?is?very?moving???

There?is?a?room,?whose?window?faces?the?river.?

There?is?a?room,?the?window?of?which?faces?the?river.?

10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。?

（1）先行词被such和the?same修饰，或句型as?many（much）中，从句都用as?引导。?

Such?books?as?you?bought?are?useful.?

The?school?is?just?the?same?as?it?was?10?years?age.?

注意：区别①such?…?that?…?引导的结果状语从句。They?are?such?

lovely?children?that?we?love?them?much.②the?same?…?that?…?引导定语从句。I?want?to?use?the?same?tool?that?you?used?just?now.?

（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。?

区别：①意义上：as?含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as?从句可置句首，也可在另处。?

He?didn’t?pass?the?exam,?as?we?had?expected.?

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