实验动物学-家兔.ppt

DL-hyoscyamine(莨菪碱）belladonna（颠茄）Cansurvivebelladonna(b)EndogenousatropineesteraseBelladonna:adult,5～10mg;minimumlethaldose,MLD:80～130mg误食曼陀罗浆果或叶亦可中毒，也有因外敷曼陀罗叶或颠茄膏等，由皮肤吸收而致急性中毒者成人用5～10mg即可引起明显中毒症状，其最小致死量为80～130mg。阿托品或颠茄中毒时，患者极度口渴、咽喉干燥、充血、瞳孔扩大、皮肤干而发红、动作笨拙，老年者有排尿困难。重度中毒有脉速，体温高达40℃以上，以后并有幻觉、谵妄、不安、强直性或阵挛性惊厥，最后出现昏迷、呼吸浅表等危重征象。Itwasdemonstratedthatrabbitsserumdestroysatropine(dl-hyoscyamine)anditsisomers,levo-anddextro-hyoscyamine,在某些种属动物，如最明显为家兔，其体内具有一种特异性的酶---阿托品酯酶，该酶可迅速代谢阿托品，可保护其免受过量阿托品引起中毒。

在遗传学上家兔具有产生阿托品脂酶（Atropinesterase）的基因，因此家兔即使吃了含有颠茄叶的饲料后，亦不会引起中毒症状，认为是由于其血清和肝中的阿托品脂酶破坏了生物碱所致。莨菪碱RabbitshaveDL-hyoscyamine(a)Cansurvivebelladonna (b)EndogenousatropineesteraseBelladonna:adult,5～10mg;minimumlethaldose,MLD:80～130mgAtropinesteraseAnotablefeatureofmanyrabbitsisthattheirserumcontainsanenzyme,atropinesterase,thatdeactivatesatropineandrelateddrugs.Theamountofthisenzymearabbithasisaheritablecharacteristic,andthereareinvivoandinvitrotechniquestoscreenforit.Thepresenceofatropinesterasewillmakeadramaticdifferenceinhowindividualrabbitsrespondtopremedicationwithatropinepriortosurgery.Threeofthewaysthatrabbitsareusedinresearchare:1toproduceserumantibodies;2asmodelsfordiseaseorbiologicalsystems;3as“testanimals”forproductsProvidemodelsformanyhumandiseasesa.Virulentanthraxsporesdisease similartohumans. licensedvaccine,inhalationanthraxbyaerosolscontaininglethaldosesofsporestherabbitmodeliscrucialforevaluatingtheimmunestatusofvaccinatedhumans.b.Studyofcardiovasculardisease方法为利用双肾动脉不全狭窄术复制家兔肾型高血压模型，定期检测兔耳动脉血压；工作时，将兔耳置于此缝隙中，打气加压后塑料薄膜⒀膨出压迫耳中动脉，记录其血流阻断再通时的压力值即分别为收缩压和舒张压。Whenfedhigh-cholesteroldiets,theydevelopvascularplaquessimilartothoseinhumans.Studiesinrabbitshavesho