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3.BasicGeometricandKinematicPrinciplesofSpiralBevelandHypoidGears
Spiralbevelgearswerefirstmentionedin1820asaninventionofJamesWhitedatingbackto1788/4,Nearlyacenturywouldpass,however.beforethefirstmachinetoolwasbuiltformanufacturingspiralbevelgear(Chapter2).In1899theFrenchmanMonneretreceived
apatentforageneratingmethodand,aboutthesametimePaulBottcherfromHamburg.Germany,becameinterestedinthistechnology. In1910,Bottcherpublishedanumberofpatentswithintheframeworkofthistheme/1/.Theworkhecreatedwasvoluminousandbroadlybased.Hisworkonbevelgearsdealtnotonlywithcontinuous(facehobbing)butalsosingleindexing(facemilling}manufacturingmethods.Sincepinionandgearwerecutbythesamegeneratinggear,bothmethodsresultedinuniformtoothdepthandconjugatedflanks(Figure1).Atthattime,themeaningofcrowningwasnotyetknown Bottcherbuiltafunctioninglaboratoryprototypeinordertodemonstratetheprinciplesofhismethod,andwiththisprototypehemanufacturedsamplegearsetsthatwerecapableofoperationIn1919,theGleasonWorksintheUSAacquiredtherightstoallBottcherpatents.Infact,Gleasonexploitedonlythosemethodsthatworkedwithsingleindexing(facemilling)and,accordingtoBottcher,haduniformtoothdepth.Duringthe1930sand40s,longaftertheexpirationofthepatents,continuousspiralhobbing(thefacehobbingmethod)wastakenupbyMammanoFiat,Oerlikon-Buhrle,andKlingelnberg-Sons.ThesemethodsalsohadBottchertypeuniformtoothdepth,whichwouldberetainedunchangedbyOerlikonandKlingelnberg untiltoday.
Figurel:Generatingtheworkwheelonafictitiousplanegeneratinggearor“crowngear”accordingtoBottcher
Figure2:Classicalcharacteristics,left,Gleasonandright,Oerlikonmethods
ThefacemillingmethodsincommonusetodayarestillbasedontheinventionsofPaulBottcher.Characteristically
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