供应链设计与管理(第三版)期末考试重点---供应链知识理念-英文版本.docx

供应链设计与管理(第三版)期末考试重点---供应链知识理念-英文版本.docx

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Chapter1.IroductiontoSupplyChainManagement

【supplychain】Thesystemofsuppliers,manufacturers,transportation,distributors,andvendorsthatexiststotransformrawmaterialstofinalproductsandsupplythoseproductstocustomers.

【supplychainmanagement】SCMisabusinessnetworkcoveringfrombuying,making,moving,warehousingtoselling.

【Whatmakessupplychainmanagementdifficult?】

?Supplychainstrategiescannotbedeterminedinisolation.Theyaredirectlyaffectedbyanotherchainthatmostorganizationshave,thedevelopmentchain.

?Itischallengingtodesignandoperateasupplychainsothattotalsystemwidecostsareminimized,andsystemwideservicelevelsaremaintained.

?Uncertaintyandriskareinherentineverysupplychain.

【StrategiesforSCM】

?GlobalOptimization(全局优化)?ManagingUncertainty(管理不拟定性)

【WhyisGlobalOptimizationHard?】

?Thesupplychainisacomplexnetwork.

?Differentfacilitiesinthesupplychainfrequentlyhavedifferent,conflictingobjectives.

?Thesupplychainisadynamicsystem.

?Systemvariationsovertime

【WhyIsUncertaintyHardtoDealWith?】

?Matchingsupplyanddemandisamajorchallenge.

?Forecastingdoesn’tsolvetheproblem.

?Inventoryandback-orderlevelstypicallyfluctuateconsiderablyacrossthesupplychain,evenwhencustomerdemandforspecificproductsdoesnotvarygreatly.

?Demandisnottheonlysourceofuncertainty.

?Recenttrendssuchasleanmanufacturing,outsourcing,andoffshoringthatfocusonreductionincreaseriskssignificantly.

【Thethreeprinciplesofallforecastingtechniques】

?Forecastingisalwayswrong.?Thelongertheforecasthorizon,theworsetheforecast.

?Aggregateforecastsaremoreaccurate.

Chapter2.InventoryManagement,SupplyContractsandRiskPooling

【何时低(高)于平均需求】Ifthecostofnotsellinganadditionalunitislargerthantheprofitfromsellinganadditionalunit,theoptimalquantityingeneralwillbelessthanaveragedemand,whileifthereverseistrue

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