医学英语第17章 腹部.ppt

‘‘Doyouhavemuchgas?’’“你是否有涨气？”‘‘How’syourappetite?’’“食欲如何？”‘‘Hastherebeenanychangeinyourweight?’’“体重是否发生了变化？”Changeinthecaliberofthestoolissignificant.大便条粗细的变化是有意义的。ChangeinBowelMovements‘‘Pencil’’-diameterstoolsmayresultfromananaloradistalrectalcarcinoma.铅笔粗细的大便可能是由肛门或直肠癌症引起的。Achangeinthecolorofstoolsisimportant.大便颜色的变化非常重要。Asisdiscussedlater,palebrowntograystoolsindicateanabsenceofbile.正如下文将要讨论的，浅棕色至灰色的大便提示胆汁缺乏。ChangeinBowelMovementsThiscanresultfromanobstructiontobileflowfromthegallbladderorfromdecreasedproductionofbile.这可能是由于胆汁从胆囊流出通道梗阻或胆汁产生减少所致。Weightchangesareimportantwiththesymptomofconstipation.体重改变是便秘重要的伴随症状。ChangeinBowelMovementsBile：胆汁gallbladder：胆囊Anincreaseinweightmayindicatedecreasedmetabolismseeninhypothyroidism;体重增加提示新陈代谢减慢见于甲状腺功能减退症；adecreaseinweightmaybeassociatedwithcancerofthecolonorotherhypermetabolicconditions.体重降低可能见于结肠癌症或其他高代谢情况。ChangeinBowelMovementsMetabolism：新陈代谢Hypo-：低的Hypothyroidism：?[?ha?po?‘θa?r??d?z?m]?甲状腺机能减退hyper-：高的Hypermetabolic：高代谢Rectalbleedingmaybemanifestedbybrightredblood,bloodmixedwithstool,orblack,tarrystools.直肠出血可以表现为鲜红色的血，便中混有血，或者黑色、柏油样便。Brightredbloodperrectum,alsoknownashematochezia,canoccurfromcolonictumors,diverticulardisease,orulcerativecolitis.经直肠排出鲜红色血，也称为便血，见于结肠肿瘤、憩室疾病、或溃疡性结肠炎。RectalBleedingRectal：直肠的Tarry：用柏油覆盖的rectum：直肠Hematochezia：[hem?t?‘ki?z??]便血hema-：血；hematuria，hematologyRectalBleedingBloodmixedwithstoolcanbetheresultofulcerativecolitis,diverticulardisease,tumors,orhemorrhoids.便中混有血见于溃疡性结肠炎、肿瘤、或痔疮。Askthepatientwhodescribesrectalbleedingthefollowingquestions:对于直肠出血的患者应询问如下问题：Hemorrhoids：[‘hem?r??dz]痔疮‘‘Howlonghaveyounoticedbrightredbloodinyourstools?’’“你注意到大便中有鲜红色血有多久了？”‘‘Isthebloodmixedwiththestool?’’

“血液是混在大便中吗？”‘‘Aretherestreakso