集成光电子器件及设计-2平面介质光波导和耦合模理论.pptxVIP

第二章平面介质光波导和耦合模理论集成光电子器件及设计

2Outline 1.?Background 2.?Coupling?mode?theory Equations?and?solutions? Codirectionalcoupling; Contradirectionalcoupling; 3.?Coupling?to?excite?the?modes?in?optical?waveguides

31.?Background:?mode?coupling 定义：波导中由于某种原因产生的由一种模式向另外一种模式的转 换，或多个波导组成的系统中，其中一个波导传输的模式向另外波导 的转移； 实质：模式的能量变换； 例子

4光场在单根波导中的传播 理想情况： 波导没有缺陷 折射率分布均匀、规则； 沿波导保持光场形状无改变传播 实际情况： 制作波导的材料存在损耗， 光场沿传播方向振幅呈指数衰减；

5方向耦合器波导中传输的导模在芯层外的倏逝场由于相互作用产生耦合，引起波导间模式功率的相互转移。Input?Section?Output?Section?1?2?34A0?A?Coupling?region??BB0sD?

模式耦合6Surface?coupling:?Prism?coupler,?grating?coupler.?模式耦合 同向耦合：方向耦合器、Y分支、MZI反向耦合：Bragg?grating

72.?Coupled?mode?theory 2.?1?Equations Codirectionalcoupler?(directional?coupler);? Contradirectionalcoupler?(Grating);?2.?2?Coupling?to?excite?the?modes?in?optical?waveguides

8 Coupled?mode?theoryThe?eigenmodes(Ep,?and?Hp)?in?waveguide?#1,?and?#2before?mode?coupling?satisfy?Maxwell’s?equations:?Refractive?index?profile?N(x,y)For?a?weakly?coupled?system,?the?field?(E,?H)?could?be?written?as?the?sum?of?eigen‐modes?in?waveguide?#1?and?#2,?i.e.,?function?of?znI2nII2Waveguide?IIWaveguide?Iyxn020

9Maxwell?Equ.?for?the?coupling?systemnI2nII2Waveguide?IIWaveguide?Ixn020uzdAdz?A(z)=N?is?the?refractive?index?profile?for?the?whole?coupling?system y

10

11With????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?one?has?where

12The?mode?coupling?coefficient?of?a?directional?coupler.The?butt?coupling?coefficient?between?the?two?waveguides.χpκpq,?thus?usually?could?be?neglected.?

13 The?difference?of?the?propagation?constant?between?waveguide?I?and?II:?Using?Equ.?(4‐11)?–(4.12)?*c12exp(-j2δz)=0,Using?Equ.?(4‐12)?–(4.11)?*c21exp(j2δz)=0, Codirectionalcoupler:?β10,?β20 Contradirectionalcoupler:?β10,?β20

14Assume?cpq=0,?χp=0?(p,?q=1,?2).Codirectionalcoupler:?β10,?β20,?the?solution?is

15Initial?condition:?A(z=0),?B(z=0),?which?is?corresponding?to?the?launched?field.?

16Usually,?A(z=0)=A0,?B(z=0)=0,?i.e.,?light?is?input?to?waveguide?I?only.