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TheABCofAutomaticFixtureRemovalTheory,bestpracticeandlimitationsofAFRtechniquesChengNingApplicationEngineerKeysightTechnologies
MeasurementChallengesPhysicallayerdevicesoftenhavenon-coaxialconnectors,theycannotbeconnectedtotestinstrumentswithcoaxialportconnectorsICpackagesUSBconnectorBackplane
Twotraditionalmethodsofmeasuringnon-insertabledevicesProbingonthedeviceformeasurementBuildingtestfixturesforcoaxialtomicrostrip/striplinetransitionDrawback:ProbestationisexpensiveNeedprobecalkitandmodelsforprobecalibrationDrawback:Thefixturesarenotelectricallytransparent,theyhavemismatch,lossanddelay,theyneedtobecharacterizedandremovedfromtheDUTmeasurementThefixturesalsohavenon-coaxialconnectorsandcannotbemeasureddirectlyWe’llfocusonsolvingfixturingprobleminthispresentation
RemovingfixturesHistorically–2methods:ModelfixtureusingEMSimulationandde-embedthefixturesfromthemeasurementUseaTRLcalibrationtechniquetomovemeasurementreferenceplanestotheDUT.TRLCoaxCoax
TRLCalibration(SingleEnded)AssumptionsforsingleendedTRLConnectorsandlaunchesareidenticalAlllineshavesameTransmissionLine
characteristicsImpedance,loss,propagationOnlydifferinlengthLinesareusable20to160degrees
relativetothruUsually2-4linesdependingonfrequency
rangeFordifferentialfixturesNocouplinginfixtureisremoved
Bytheway,why20to160degrees?2-portDUTe00e11e10e01a0b0a1b1e22e33e32e23b2b3a2a3[TX][TA][TY]?Thrustep:?Delayedlinestep:??
TRLCalibration(SingleEnded)Difficulttodesignandfabricate,needsmuchexperience,hardtoguaranteegoodcalkitquality(Launchrepeatability,PCBimpedancevariations,etc)
Evenmorecomplicated-
DifferentialCrosstalkcalibration4-portTRLCalibrationTechniqueAvailableinKeysightPLTSsoftwareFixturemaybeasymmetricSimilarassumptionstosingleendedTRLRepeatabilityofconnector,launch,
and
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