第五章++传出神经系统药理学概论课件.ppt

?受体:?1:主要位于心脏、肾入球动脉的球旁细胞。?2:存在于支气管、血管平滑肌、睫状肌及去甲肾上腺素能神经突触前膜上。三、传出神经系统受体功能及其分子机制1.M受体2.N受体3.肾上腺素受体?1receptor?receptor（1）胆碱能神经的效应M样作用:为激动M受体所呈现的作用,主要表现:心脏抑制、血管扩张、内脏平滑肌收缩、腺体分泌、瞳孔缩小等。N样作用:为激动N受体所呈现的作用,主要表现:NN受体激动→自主神经节兴奋、肾上腺髓质分泌；NM受体激动→表现为骨骼肌收缩。（2）去甲肾上腺素能神经的效应?型作用:主要表现:血管收缩、瞳孔散大等。突触前膜上的?2受体兴奋:产生负反馈作用,抑制NA的释放。传出神经系统：将神经冲动由神经中枢传向外周的神经系统。传出神经：传递来自中枢神经的冲动以支配效应器官活动的神经。可作用于效应器或次一级神经元细胞膜上的受体产生效应。此过程称为化学传递。Figure6-1.Schematicdiagramcomparingsomeanatomicandneurotransmitterfeaturesofautonomicandsomaticmotornerves.Onlytheprimarytransmittersubstancesareshown.Parasympatheticgangliaarenotshownbecausemostareinornearthewalloftheorganinnervated.Cholinergicnervesareshownincolor.Notethatsomesympatheticpostganglionicfibersreleaseacetylcholineordopamineratherthannorepinephrine.Theadrenalmedulla,amodifiedsympatheticganglion,receivessympatheticpreganglionicfibersandreleasesepinephrineandnorepinephrineintotheblood.(ACh,acetylcholine;D,dopamine;Epi,epinephrine;NE,norepinephrine;N,nicotinicreceptors;M,muscarinicreceptors.)调节胃肠功能的独立整合系统Ahighlysimplifieddiagramoftheintestinalwallandsomeofthecircuitryoftheentericnervoussystem(ENS).TheENSreceivesinputfromboththesympatheticandtheparasympatheticsystemsandsendsafferentimpulsestosympatheticgangliaandtothecentralnervoussystem.ManytransmitterorneuromodulatorsubstanceshavebeenidentifiedintheENS;seeTable6–1.ACh,acetylcholine;AC,absorptivecell;CM,circularmusclelayer;EC,enterochromaffincell;EN,excitatoryneuron;EPAN,extrinsicprimaryafferentneuron;5HT,serotonin;IN,inhibitoryneuron;IPAN,intrinsicprimaryafferentneuron;LM,longitudinalmusclelayer;MP,myentericplexus;NE,norepinephrine;NP,neuropeptides;SC,secretorycell;SMP,submucosalplexus.1．乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine)(1)合成：部位--胆碱能神经末梢内；