托福听力tpo66 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文.docx

托福听力tpo66lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文

TOC\o1-2\h\u22497Lecture1 1

25503原文 1

13537题目 3

17372答案 5

11800译文 5

2956Lecture2 7

14754原文 7

19258题目 9

13654答案 11

780译文 11

31679Lecture3 13

6739原文 13

23037题目 15

26754答案 17

13657译文 18

Lecture1

原文

Professor:OK,today,Iwanttotalkaboutsleep.Weallsleep.Humansleep,manyanimalsleep.Whenwesleep,wearentactuallyunconscious,butinastateofreducedawarenessofoursurroundings.Now,whatdoesthatmeanforanimalsinthewild,iftheyareinastatelikethat?Unabletomonitortheirenvironment?

MaleStudent:Well,theyrehelpless,vulnerabletopredators,maybe.

Professor:Right.Theyarevulnerabletopredators.Yeah,theysleep.Soletstalkaboutwhy,thebiologyofsleep.Sothefirstthinglwantyoutounderstandisthatsleepsaveryriskybehavior.Andriskydontevolveunlesstheybringtheanimalssomekindofbenefitthatoutweighsthatrisk.Sosleepmusthaveareallyimportantfunction.AndIwanttoemphasizethatthereisadifferencebetweensleepandotherformsofinactivity,likeregularrest.

Theinsects,forinstance,rest.Buttheydontsleep.Whatsspecifictosleepisthatthebrainaltersmanyofitsusualactivities,includingitsconnectiontosensoryandmotororgans,itshutsthoseconnectionsdown.Soasleepinganimalcanusuallyneithersensenormove.AndIsayusuallybecause…well,wewillgettothatinaminute.So,basicallyallmammalsandbirdssleep.Buttherearesomeunusualwaysofsleeping.

Takemarinemammals.Likedolphins,dolphinsneedtoswimupforaironceinawhile,sotheycantcompletelyshutoffallmovementandsensation.Sotheirbraincantshutdowncompletely.Butdolphinsgetaroundthis.How?wonttheysleeponebrainhemisphereatatime?Sleepingdolphinsactuallylookliketheyrejustresting,awakeandoccasionallyswimupforair.

Sohowcanweeventelltheirsleeping?Well,wemeasuredtheirbrain