语义学复习资料.pdfVIP

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语义学复习佛脚大全

鱼太郎

一、填空

1.西方主流语言学派：Traditionalphilology(lexicalmeaning),historicalcomparativeL(lexical

meaning),structuralL(littleattentiontomeaning),functionalL(meaningcentretheory),TG

grammar(standardtheory),cognitiveL(meaningcentretheory)

2.语言学不同的研究方式与观点：specificvsgeneral,synchronicvsdiachronic,

macrolinguisticsvsmicrolinguistics,thoeriticalvsapplied,descriptivevsprescriptive

3.结构主义学派代表人物：Saussure,bloomfield

系统功能派代表人物：Firth,M.A.K.Halliday(Ideationalmeaning,interpersonalmeaningtextual

meaning)

转换生成语法代表人物：Chomsky(6大阶段：nativism,universalgrammar,autonomy,modularity,

formalism,deduction；6变：TGgrammar,standardtheory,extendedstandardtheory,revised

extendedstandardtheory,governmentblindingtheory,minimalistprogram),Katz(在standard

theory阶段引入语义成分，使phonology,semanticssyntax成为三大分支)

认知语言学代表人物：Lakoff,Jackendoff

4.语言学三大革命：StructualistL(Saussure:studylanguageitself)→TGgrammar(Chomsky:

studymind)→CognitiveL(Lakoff:studyembodiment)

5.Saussure的革命--两分法：19世纪语言学主流：speech,external,diachronic,entity.

（Chomsky弃之）

6.认知语言学对TG的六大批判基础：embodiment,specificsideofL,cognitivestrategies,

formandmeaning,non-formalism,inductionanddeduction.

7.Analyticphilosophy包括logicalempiricism和ordinarylanguagephilosophy.前者代表有

Frege,Russel,Wittgenstein(前期),Schlick,Carnap,Tarski,Davidson,Morris等，后者代表有

Moore,Wisdom,Wittgenstein（后期）,Austin,Grice,Searle.

8.西方哲学简史的三大转向：Onotological