浙江大学 普通化学 化学原理 英文课件Chapter 21电化学.pptVIP

Designofelectrochemicalcell;Predictionofcellvoltageandoutcome;Protectofmetalmaterialsfromcorrosion;FundamentalsandConceptsChemicalenergyElectricalenergyChapter21Electrochemistry

Cu(s)+2Ag+(aq,1M)2Ag(s)+Cu2+(aq,1M)Cu(s)=Cu2+(aq,1M)+2e2Ag+(aq,1M)+2e=2Ag(s)Half-cellreactionHalf-cellreactionCu(s)+2Ag+(aq,1M)2Ag(s)+Cu2+(aq,1M)Netreaction+-VoltaiccellorDanielCellCelldiagramCu(s)|Cu2+(1M)||Ag+(1M)|Ag(s)Ecell=0.457VCellPotential(Voltage)ChemicalenergyElectricenergy

LemonjuiceZn-CustripsMn+-------+++++++++++

+++ModelofDoubleLayerElectrodePotentialMThemoreactivethemetal,themorethenegativechargesonthesurface,andthusthelargertheelectrodepotential.Mn+M

StandardElectrodePotentialsZn(s)|Zn2+(1M)||H+(1M)|H2(1atm)|Pt(s)Zn(s)+2H+(1M)Zn2++H2(1atm)E0=0.76VcellE0=EH+/H-EZn/Zncell002+2E=E+-E-cell0.76V=0-EZn/Zn02+EZn/Zn=-0.76V02+2e-+2H+(1M)H2(1atm)Zn(s)Zn2+(1M)+2e-StandardElectrodePotentialsDefine:StandardhydrogenelectrodeZn2+(1M)+2e-ZnGas(1atm),Solute(1M)

StandardElectrodePotentialsPt(s)|H2(1atm)|H+(1M)||Cu2+(1M)|Cu(s)2e-+Cu2+(1M)Cu(s)H2(1atm)2H+(1M)+2e-H2(1atm)+Cu2+(1M)Cu(s)+2H+(1M)E0=0.34VcellEcell=ECu/Cu–EH/H2++20000.34=ECu/Cu-002+ECu/Cu=0.34V2+0Cu2+(1M)+2e-Cu

AllE0listedareintheformofMn++ne=MThemorepositiveE0,thegreaterthetendencyforMn+tobereduced.ThemorepositiveE0,thegreaterthetendencyforMtobeoxidized.Understandardconditions,thelefttableshowsthatF2(g)isthestrongestoxidant,andLi(s)isthestrongestreductant.E0ispH-dependent.EM/M=?Vn+02H+(aq)+2e=H2(g)