浙江大学 普通化学 化学原理 英文课件Chapter 22过渡金属化合物.pptVIP

Chlorophyllaisagreenpigmentusedbyplantsinthephotosynthesis.HemegroupinhemoglobinChapter22TransitionmetalCoordinationCompounds

22.1TheTransitionMetals

22.1

OxidationStatesofthe1stRowTransitionMetals(moststableoxidationnumbersareshowninred)22.1

22.1

Bandtheoryofconductivity:delocalizedelectronsmovefreelythrough“bands”formedbyoverlappingmolecularorbitals.Mg1s22s22p63s2or[Ne]3s220.3

Metals,Semiconductors,InsulatorsDeterminedbyEnergyGapsBetweenValenceandConductionBandse-e-20.3

Ligands配体[CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2Centralion(atom)中心离子（原子）Coorinationnumber配位数=6Coordinationatom配位原子Freeions自由离子ComplexionComplexAlfredWerner(1866-1919)Nobelprizeinchemistry(1913)CoordinationChemistry[Co(NH3)6]Cl3[CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2

22.3

WhataretheoxidationnumbersofthemetalsinK[Au(OH)4]and[Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3?OH-haschargeof-1K+haschargeof+1?Au+1+4x(-1)=0Au=+3NO3-haschargeof-1NH3hasnocharge?Cr+6x(0)+3x(-1)=0Cr=+322.3

CoordinationCompounds22.3H2NCH2CH2NH2????bidentateligandBidentateandpolydentateligandsarecalledchelatingagents配位数=6polydentateligand(EDTA)配位数=6乙二胺

StructureofCoordinationCompounds22.4CoordinationnumberStructure246LinearTetrahedralorSquareplanarOctahedral

trans-[Co(NH3)4Cl2]cistransGeometricisomers几何异构体cis-[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cancerdrug

StructureofCoordinationCompounds22.4Opticalisomersarenonsuperimposablemirrorimages.cis-[Co(en)2Cl2]trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]opticalisomerschiralnotopticalisomersachiral

Ag(NH3)2+Ag+Liner直线型Zn(NH3)42+3d4s4pZn2+sp杂化轨道sp3杂化轨道Sqaureplanar平面正方型Ni(CN)42-Ni2+4d5s5p3d4s4pdsp2杂化轨道Tetrahedral四面体型FeF63-Fe3+3d4s4p5dFe(CN)63-Fe3+d2sp3杂化轨道sp3d2杂化轨道n=5,highspin高自旋n=1,lowspin低自旋弱配体强配体Octahedral八面体型BondingtheoryofCoordinationCompounds

MeasurementofMagneticSusceptibility

(2)CrystalFieldTheory