企业财务会计管理.pptx

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企业财务会计管理

Ex-CerealProductionEx-Kelloggproducescereal.Amajorcomponentandcostfactorissugar.Forecastedincomesalesvolumeissetbyusingafixedsellingprice.Changesincostcanimpacttheseforecasts.Tofixyoursugarcosts,youwouldideallyliketopurchaseallyoursugartoday,sinceyouliketoday’sprice,andmadeyourforecastsbasedonit.But,youcannot.Youcan,however,signacontracttopurchasesugaratvariouspointsinthefutureforapricenegotiatedtoday.Thiscontractiscalleda“ForwardContract.”Thistechniqueofmanagingyoursugarcostsiscalled“Hedging.”

TypeofContracts1-SpotContract-AKforimmediatesaledeliveryofanasset.2-ForwardContract-AKbetweentwopeopleforthedeliveryofanassetatanegotiatedpriceonasetdateinthefuture.3-FuturesContract-AKsimilartoaforwardcontract,exceptthereisanintermediarythatcreatesastandardizedcontract.Thus,thetwopartiesdonothavetonegotiatethetermsofthecontract.TheintermediaryistheCommodityClearingCorp(CCC).TheCCCguaranteesalltrades“provides”asecondarymarketforthespeculationofFutures.

TypesofFuturesCommodityFutures-Sugar -Corn -OJ-Wheat -Soybeans -PorkbelliesFinancialFutures-Tbills -Yen -GNMA-Stocks -EurodollarsIndexFutures-SP500 -ValueLineIndex-VanguardIndex

FuturesContractConceptsNotanactualsaleAlwaysawinneraloser(unlikestocks)Kare“settled”everyday.(MarkedtoMarket)Hedge-KusedtoeliminateriskbylockinginpricesSpeculation-KusedtogambleMargin-notasale-postpartialamountHogK=30,000lbsTbillK=$1.0milValuelineIndexK=$indexx500

Ex-SettlementSpeculateYouarespeculatinginHogFutures.YouthinkthattheSpotPriceofhogswillriseinthefuture.Thus,yougoLongon10HogFutures.Ifthepricedrops.17centsperpound($.0017)whatistotalchangeinyourposition?30,000lbsx$.0017lossx10Ks=$510.00lossSinceyo

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