感染与免疫《药理学》抗菌药物介绍-英文教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

Introductiontoantimicrobialagents1

Definition:Useofdrugstocombatinfectiousdiseasesandcancer.Antimicrobialdrug(抗微生物药)Antiparasiticdrug(抗寄生虫药)Anticancerdrug(抗癌药)1.Chemotherapy,化学治疗2

AntimicrobialdrugAntimicrobialdrugseitherkillmicrobes(microbicidal)orpreventthegrowthofmicrobes(microbistatic).Antibacterial(抗菌药）Antiviral（抗病毒药）Antifungal（抗真菌药）3

AntimicrobialChemotherapyDifferentialtoxicity:basedontheconceptthatthedrugismoretoxictotheinfectingorganismthantothehostMajorityofantibioticsarebasedonnaturallyoccurringcompounds(antibiotics)ormaybesemi-syntheticorsynthetic4

DefinitionsSpectrumofActivity（抗菌谱）Narrowspectrum-drugiseffectiveagainstalimitednumberofspeciesBroadspectrum-drugiseffectiveagainstawidevarietyofspeciesGramnegative(G+)agent

Grampositive(G-)agent

Anti-anaerobicactivity5

DefinitionsMinimumInhibitoryConcentration(MIC)

-minimumconcentrationofantibioticrequiredtoinhibitthegrowthofthetestorganismMinimumBactericidalConcentration(MBC)

-minimumconcentrationofantibioticrequiredtokillthetestorganism6

DefinitionsBacteriostatic（抑菌药）Bactericidal（杀菌药）ChemotherapeuticIndex(化疗指数，CI):LD50/ED50orLD5/ED957

DefinitionsPostantibioticeffect(抗生素后效应，PAE)thecontinuedsuppressionofantibacterialgrowthaftertheadministrationofantibiotichasceasedandserumconcentrationshavefallenbelowtheMICUnit:hourPAEislongerinvivo8

ClinicalsignificanceofPAEDesigntherapeuticregimenIncreasedose:carbapenems(concentrationdependentPAE)Determinationofdosinginterval：AntibioticswithoutPAE:serumconcentrationhigherthanMICAntibioticswithPAE:serumconcentrationhigherthanMIC+PAEEvaluationofcombinedmedication9

WhatistheidealantibioticHavetheappropriatespectrumofactivityfortheclinicalsettingHavenotoxicitytothehost,bewelltoleratedLowpropensityford