《软件工程》13-软件测试-英文教学课件（非AI生成）.pptx

SoftwareTesting1

TheBUGApagefromHarvardMarkIIelectromechanicalcomputer’slog,featuringadeadmoththatwasremovedfromthedevice.[Wikipedia]In1946,whenHopperwasreleasedfromactiveduty,shejoinedtheHarvardFacultyattheComputationLaboratorywhereshecontinuedherworkonthe?MarkIIand?MarkIII.OperatorstracedanerrorintheMarkIItoa?moth?trappedinarelay,coiningtheterm?bug.Thisbugwascarefullyremovedandtapedtothelogbook.Stemmingfromthefirstbug,todaywecallerrorsorglitchesinaprograma?bug.GraceHopper(Dec.9,1906–Jan.1,1992)“ThemotherofCOBOL”2

TheBUGIfyoulookathowmostprogrammersspendtheirtime,you’llfindthatwritingcodeisactuallyasmallfraction.Sometimeisspentfiguringoutwhatoughttobegoingon,sometimeisspentdesigning,butmosttimeisspentdebugging….Fixingthebugisusuallyprettyquick,butfindingitisanightmare.Andthenwhenyoudofixabug,there’salwaysachancethatanotheronewillappearandthatyoumightnotevennoticeituntilmuchlater.Thenyouspendagesfindingthatbug.[MartinFowler]3

TheCostofSoftwareBugsSoftwarebugsarecostingtheU.S.economyanestimated$59.5billioneachyear,withmorethanhalfofthecostbornebyendusersandtheremainderbydevelopersandvendors,accordingtoanewfederalstudy.[ComputerWorld2002]WorldwidecostofITfailure(revisited):$3trillion.[M.Krigsman,ZDNet2012]AccordingtorecentCambridgeUniversityresearch,theglobalcostofdebuggingsoftwarehasrisento$312billionannually.Theresearchfoundthat,onaverage,softwaredevelopersspend50%oftheirprogrammingtimefindingandfixingbugs… [CambridgeUniversity2013]TheCostsofSoftwareFailures:Time,Money–andYourJob.[Vincent,Wired2014]4

1945年GraceHopperBUG1972年BillHetzelProveitworks1979年G.J.MyersProveitDoesNOTworkSoftwareTesting1990年IEEEstd.610.125

BasicTesti