园艺专业英语SpecialEnglishfor课件讲解.pptx

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2024-12-18 发布于陕西
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园艺专业英语SpecialEnglishfor课件讲解.pptx

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《园艺专业英语》SpecialEnglishforHorticulture

LeafStructureandTranspiration植物的叶片与蒸腾作用

Theleavesofplantsinnaturevarygreatlyinsizeandshape.Butmostleavescansynthesizeorganicmatterthroughphotosynthesisandprovidetherootsystemwiththepowertoabsorbwaterandmineralnutrientsfromthesoilthroughtranspiration.Todayletslearnabouttheleavesstructureandtranspiration.

1.LeafstructureTherearethreemaintissuesfoundinleaves:theepidermis,themesophyll,aswellasleafvein(vasculartissue).Theoutermostlayeroftheleafistheepidermis.Itconsistsoftheupperandlowerepidermis,whicharepresentoneithersideoftheleaf.Theinternalstructureoftheleafisprotectedbytheleafepidermis.Theepidermiscontainsspecializedcellscalledguardcellswhichencloseaporecalledastoma.Plantgasexchangewiththeenvironmentisfacilitatedbystomata.

Themesophyllisdividedintotworegions:thepalisadeparenchyma,locatedbeneaththeupperepidermisandcomposedofcolumnarcellsorientedperpendiculartotheleafsurface,andspongyparenchyma,locatedinthelowerpartoftheleafandcomposedofirregularlyshapedcells.Chloroplastsaremainlyconcentratedintheleafmesophyll,whicharethemainpartsofplantsforphotosynthesis.

Leafveinsarevascularbundlescomingtotheleaffromstem.Plantveinsprovidestructureandsupporttoplantleaveswhilealsotransportingwater,nutrients,andenergytotherestoftheplant.

2.TranspirationTranspirationistheevaporationofwaterfromplants.Stomataltranspirationofleavesisadominantpathwayofplantphysiologicalwaterloss.Transpirationplaysanimportantroleinplantgrowthanddevelopment.Transpirationcanreducethesurfacetemperatureofleaves,preventingthembeingdamagedbyheatindirectsunlight.Transpirationprovidesthedrivingforcefortheabsorptionofwaterandelementionsintoplantrootsandthenintothexylemvesselsforupwardd