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2024/12/221MobileRadioPropagation:Small-ScaleFadingandMultipath
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2024/12/223Fading(small-scale)isamorerapidfluctuationofsignals–causedby?constructiveanddestructiveinterferencebetweentwoormoreversionsofthesamesignal(multipath)?Dopplereffect,duetomovingterminalsorsurroundings?signalswiderthancoherencebandwidthofradiochannelSmall-Scalefading
2024/12/224Time-variantmultipathchannel
2024/12/225DopplerShiftExampleCarrierfrequencyfc=1850MHz(i.e.?=16.2cm)Vehiclespeedv=60mph=26.82m/sIfthevehicleismovingdirectlytowardsthetransmitterIfthevehicleismovingperpendiculartotheangleofarrivalofthetransmittedsignal
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CoherenceBandwidthCoherenceTime
2024/12/227CharacteristicsofRadioChannel(Largepathloss)Multipath(reflection,scattering)Time-variant(time-varying,aconsequenceoftheconstantlychangingphysicalcharacteristicsofthemedia,e.g.movingofobjects)Itisreasonabletocharacterizethetime-variantmultipathchannelsstatistically.Fading[pathloss,slowfading,fastfading](multipathandtime-variant)Timespread(multipath)Frequencyspread(time-variant)
2024/12/228ImpulseresponseofwirelesschannelsThemobilechannelcanbemodeledasalinear,timevaryingfilterwithimpulseresponseh(t,t),wheretisthechannelmultipathdelayforafixedt.Theimpulseresponseh(t,t)completelycharacterizesthechannelandisafunctionofbothtandtThereceivedsignalcanbeexpressedasaconvolutionofthechannelimpulseresponseh(t,t)withthetransmittedsignalx(t)
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2024/12/2210Impulseresponseofwirelesschannels(con’t)Theimpulseresponseofthetime-variantmultipathchannelisarandomprocessThesignalpassedthroughatime-variantmultipathchannelisarandomprocessdescribemultipathdelayastheexcessdelay,relativetothefirstarrivingmultipathcomponentwithexcessdelayt0=0DiscretizeexcessdelayinNequallysp
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