高三英语上学期一轮复习题型组合套练： 阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空 组合练（解析版）.docxVIP

高三年题型组合套练第十二练

阅读、七选五、完型、语法填空组合练（解析版）

一、阅读理解

A

Ablockchainisadatastructurethatstorestime-ordereddatainanever-growinglist,likeanaccountingledger(分类账簿).Theblockchaindatastructureismaintainedusingadistributed,peer-to-peernetworkofcomputerswithnocentral“master”.Aswithmanynewconcepts,blockchaintechnologygeneratesmuchoptimismandalsoahugeamountofinterestandexcitement.Justwhatisitgoodfor?

Inshort,blockchainsmayimproveanyprocesswherepeopleneedtoaccess,confirm,sendorstoreinformationsecurely.Thisinformationcouldbeapersonsidentity,aproductsshipmenthistoryordigitalpropertylikemoney.

Typicaldatabases,spreadsheets(电子数据表),andledgersstoreinformationaboutobjects,people,andtheinteractionsbetweenthem.Muchoftheworldsinformation,fromcreditcardtransactionstomedicalandfinancialrecords,isstoredinthesetypesofsystems.

Thesetypesofsystemshaveconsiderable,well-documentedweaknessesthatarisefromtheirbeingcentralized.Acentralizedrecordishardtounderstandandisexposedtounauthorizedaccessordistribution.Itisalso,becauseitisa“master”copy,exposedtopermanentchangingordeletion.

Blockchainsarealsousedtostoreinformation.Crucially,however,theydifferintwoways.

First,informationisparceledupintoblocksandsealed.Bitcoin,forexample,whichisthemostfamouspracticalexampleofaproductionblockchain,storesalltransactionsacrossthenetworkeverytenminutesorsoinasingle,newlyformedblock.Eachblockisthenaddedtothepreviousonetoformachain.

Second,this“chainofblocks”isnotstoredcentrally.Instead,eachblockiscopiedanddistributedaroundanentirenetworkofpeers—betheindividuals,publicinstitutions,orbusinesses—usingdistributedledgertechnology.(Theterms“blockchain”and“distributedledger”areoftenusedinterchangeably,forthesakeofclarity,blockchaintechno