生物分离工程绪论.ppt

Fromourexperience,wefindthatmostbioseparationshavefoursimilarsteps:（生物分离一般分四步）A.Removalofinsolubles(3unitoperations)（不溶物的去除）*filtration（过滤）*centrifugation（离心）*celldisruption(necessarywhenthedesiredproductisintracellular.)（细胞破碎）Relativelylittleproductconcentrationorimprovementofproductqualityoccurs.（产物浓度和质量得到了提高）B.Isolationofproducts（产物分离）adsorption-ion-exchang（离子交换吸附）添加标题extraction（萃取）添加标题solventextraction（溶剂萃取）添加标题reversedmicelleextraction（反微团萃取）添加标题supercriticalfluidextraction（超临界流体萃取）添加标题two-aqueousphaseextraction（双水相萃取）添加标题Thesesteps,whicharerelativelynonspecific,removematerialsofwidelydivergentpropertiescomparedtothedesiredproduct.（以上分离过程不具备特异性，只是进行初分）Appreciableconcentrationandproductqualityincreasesusuallyoccur.（可提高产物浓度和质量）C.Purificationofproducts（产品的纯化）chromatography（色谱）electrophoresis（电泳）precipitation（沉淀）theseprocessingtechnologyarehighlyselectivefortheproductandremoveimpuritiesofsimilarchemicalfunctionalityandphysicalproperties.（以上技术具有产物的高选择性和杂质的去除性）D.Polishing（产品的精制）crystallization（结晶）drying（干燥）中药动态水提取生产线流程图Chapter1AnOverviewofBioseparations

（第一章生物分离工程概述）一、ThepositionofBioseparationinBiotechnology（生物分离在生物技术中所占位置）Bythepurposeofbiotechnology,wemeantheuseofcarefullyculturedmicroorganisms,animalcells,andplantcellstoproduceproductsusefultohumans.（生物技术的目标就是指利用培养微生物、动物细胞、植物细胞来生产对人有用的产品。）Bythisdefinition,biotechnologyisasoldashistory,fortheearliestknowndocument(4228BC)includesadescriptionofbrewing.Bread;cheese,andyogurtareotherearlyexamplesofproductwhichdependonbiotechnology.（按上述定义，早在公元前4228年就有了应用生物技术酿酒、制奶酪等的记载。）Today,werestrictbiotechnologylargelytothoseareaswherechemicalsareproducedasmolecular.Underthismorerestricteddefinition,biotechnologyisabout100yearold.（狭义生物技术的产物仅为化学产品，约有100年的历史。）Effectivewayst