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2025 中国学界对大语言建模的采购性思考人用工智能 AGI 的多渠道调查研究报告(英).pdf

2025 中国学界对大语言建模的采购性思考人用工智能 AGI 的多渠道调查研究报告(英).pdf

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IssueBrief

Chinese

Critiquesof

LargeLanguage

Models

FindingthePathtoGeneral

ArtificialIntelligence

Authors

Wm.C.Hannas

Huey-MeeiChang

MaximilianRiesenhuber

DanielH.Chou

January2025

ExecutiveSummary

Largelanguagemodelshavegarneredinterestworldwideowingtotheirremarkable

abilityto“generate”human-likeresponsestonaturallanguagequeries—athreshold

thatatonetimewasconsidered“proof”ofsentience—andperformothertime-saving

tasks.Indeed,LLMsareregardedbymanyasa,orthe,pathwaytogeneralartificial

intelligence(GAI)—thathypothesizedstatewherecomputersreach(orevenexceed)

humanskillsatmostoralltasks.

ThelureofachievingAI’sholygrailthroughLLMshasdrawninvestmentinthebillions

ofdollarsbythosefocusedonthisgoal.IntheUnitedStatesandEuropeespecially,big

privatesectorcompanieshaveledthewayandtheirfocusonLLMshasovershadowed

researchonotherapproachestoGAI,despiteLLM’sknowndownsidessuchascost,

powerconsumption,unreliableor“hallucinatory”output,anddeficitsinreasoning

abilities.Ifthesecompanies’betsonLLMsfailtodeliveronexpectationsofprogress

towardGAI,westernAIdevelopersmaybepoorlypositionedtorapidlyfallbackon

alternateapproaches.

Incontrast,Chinafollowsastate-driven,diverseAIdevelopmentplan.LiketheUnited

States,ChinaalsoinvestsinLLMsbutsimultaneouslypursuesalternatepathstoGAI,

includingthosemoreexplicitlybrain-inspired.Thisreportdrawsonpublicstatements

byChina’stopscientists,theirassociatedresearch,andonPRCgovernment

announcementstodocumentChina’smultifacetedapproach.

TheChinesegovernmentalsosponsorsresearchtoinfuse“values”intoAIintendedto

guideautonomouslearning,provideAIsafety,andensurethatChina’sadvancedAI

reflectstheneedsofthepeopleandthestate.T

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