阶三阶行列式及线性方程组.pptVIP

微积分讲课提纲微积分（II）ZJU讲课人：CJJ

第七章矢量代数与空间解析几何三阶行列式及三元线性方程组二阶行列式及二元线性方程组第一节二阶、三阶行列式及线性方程组

提示:a11a22x1+a12a22x2=b1a22??a22?[a11x1+a12x2=b1]?a12?a12a21x1+a12a22x2=a12b2?[a21x1+a22x2=b2]?(a11a22-a12a21)x1=b1a22-a12b2?一、二元线性方程组与二阶行列式用消元法解二元线性方程组a11x1?a12x2?b1a21x1?a22x2?b2?得

一、二元线性方程组与二阶行列式提示:a11a21x1+a12a21x2=b1a21??a21?[a11x1+a12x2=b1]?a11?a11a21x1+a11a22x2=a11b2?[a21x1+a22x2=b2]?(a11a22-a12a21)x2=a11b2-b1a21?用消元法解二元线性方程组a11x1?a12x2?b1a21x1?a22x2?b2?得

一、二元线性方程组与二阶行列式b1b2a12a22a11a21a12a22————?x1?a11a21b1b2a11a21a12a22————?x2?a11a21a12a22我们用符号表示代数和a11a22?a12a21?这样就有用消元法解二元线性方程组a11x1?a12x2?b1a21x1?a22x2?b2?得

一、二元线性方程组与二阶行列式a11a21a12a22行列式中的相关术语我们用表示代数和a11a22?a12a21?并称它为二阶行a11a21a12a22列式?行列式的元素、行、列、主对角线、副对角线?对角线法则?a12a21?=a11a22二阶行列式是主对角线上两元素之积减去的副对角线上二元素之积所得的差?

上述方法称为解二元线性方程组的克拉默(Cramer)法则。

例求解二元线性方程组解由于a11a21a12a22?a12a21?=a11a22

二、三阶行列式为了便于记忆和计算?我们用符号表示代数和a11a21a31a12a22a32a13a23a33D=a11a22a33?a12a23a31?a13a21a32?a11a23a32?a12a21a33?a13a22a31?其中D1=b1a22a33?a12a23b3?a13b2a32?b1a23a32?a12b2a33?a13a22b3?D2=a11b2a33?b1a23a31?a13a21b3?a11a23b3?b1a21a33?a13b2a31?D3=a11a22b3?a12b2a31?b1a21a32?a11b2a32?a12a21b3?b1a22a31?方程组a11x1?a12x2?a13x3?b1a21x1?a22x2?a23x3?b2a31x1?a32x2?a33x3?b3的解为a11a22a33?a12a23a31?a13a21a32?a11a23a32?a12a21a33?a13a22a31?

二、三阶行列式我们用符号表示代数和a11a21a31a12a22a32a13a23a33a11a22a33?a12a23a31?a13a21a32?a11a23a32?a12a21a33?a13a22a31?并称它为三阶行列式?行列式中的相关术语对角线法则行列式的元素、行、列、主对角线、副对角线??a11a22a33?a12a23a31?a13a21a32?a11a23a32?a12a21a33?a13a22a31?

?a11a22a33?a12a23a31?a13a21a32?a11a23a32?a12a21a33?a13a22a31?例计算三阶行列式?1-2-3224-41-2D=按对角线法则?有解??4?6?32?4?8?24?(?4)?2?(?3)?(?4)?(?2)?4D?1?2?(?2)?2?1?(?3)?1?1?4?2?(?2)?(?2)??14?

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