人工智能与人类行为对聊天机器人社会心理效应的影响.pdf

HOWAIANDHUMANBEHAVIORSSHAPEPSYCHOSOCIAL

EFFECTSOFCHATBOTUSE:ALONGITUDINALRANDOMIZED

CONTROLLEDSTUDY

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CathyMengyingFang,AurenR.Liu,ValdemarDanry,EunhaeLee,SamanthaW.T.Chan,PatPataranutaporn,

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PattieMaes,JasonPhang,MichaelLampe,LamaAhmad,andSandhiniAgarwal

1MITMediaLab,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA

2OpenAI,SanFrancisco,CA

March21,2025

ABSTRACT

AIchatbots,especiallythosewithvoicecapabilities,havebecomeincreasinglyhuman-like,with

moreusersseekingemotionalsupportandcompanionshipfromthem.Concernsarerisingabouthow

suchinteractionsmightimpactusers’lonelinessandsocializationwithrealpeople.Weconducteda

four-weekrandomized,controlled,IRB-approvedexperiment(n=981,300Kmessages)toinvestigate

howAIchatbotinteractionmodes(text,neutralvoice,andengagingvoice)andconversationtypes

(open-ended,non-personal,andpersonal)influencepsychosocialoutcomessuchasloneliness,social

interactionwithrealpeople,emotionaldependenceonAIandproblematicAIusage.Resultsshowed

thatwhilevoice-basedchatbotsinitiallyappearedbeneficialinmitigatinglonelinessanddependence

comparedwithtext-basedchatbots,theseadvantagesdiminishedathighusagelevels,especiallywith

aneutral-voicechatbot.Conversationtypealsoshapedo