人体结构与功能 15-The Hearing system学习资料.ppt

Chapter8HearingTheAuditorySystems

ReferenceP142-151P442-454P651-662

ContentPropertiesofSoundRoleofMiddleEarinSoundTransmissionFunctionofOrganofCortiHomeostaticImbalancesofhearing.

Part1.PropertiesofSoundSoundtravelsinwavesasdoeslight1.Pitch:determinedby“frequency,”thenumberofcyclespersecondofasoundwave,measuredinhertz(Hz)2.Loudness:determinedby“amplitude”(height)ofthesoundwave,measuredindecibels(dB)3.Timbre:determinedby“complexityandshape”ofthesoundwave,giveseachsounditsuniquequality

LoudnessofSound0dB=hearingthreshold50dB=normalconversation90dB=dangerzone120dB=Rockconcert130dB=Painthreshold

Part2RoleofMiddleEarinSoundTransmission

MechanismsInvolvedinTransformerProcessSizedifferencebetweenTympanicMembraneandStapesFootplateLeveraction

FirstComponentofMiddleEarTransformerActionSizeDifferenceTympanicmembrane.59cm2Stapesfootplate.032cm2PressureformulaPressure=force/areaImpactonsoundtransmissionPressuregain:0.59/0.032=18.4(times)

TransformerActionofMiddleEar

LeverActionFulcrumEffectpressuregain:1.3times

TRANSFORMERACTION

AMOUNTOFAMPLIFICATIONPressureGain Contributionfrom: 18.4 TM(TympanicMembrane)tostapesfootplate 1.3 Leveraction 23.9 Totalpressuregain (18.6x1.3)

Part3FunctionofOrganofCortiastructurerestsatopthebasilarmembranealongitslengthcontainsapprox.16,000cochlearhaircells

1.Howtodiscriminatethefrequencyofthesound?---TravelingWaveTheory

VibrationofBasilarMembraneandtheTravelingWaveTheorySoundwaveenteringattheovalwindowistocausethebasilarmembraneatthebaseofthecochleatovibratedifferentfrequenciescausevibrationsatdifferentlocations(places)alongbasilarmembranehigherfrequenciesatbase,lowerfrequenciesattop

2.ElectricalPotentialsDCvs.ACDirectCurrent(DC)=stimulusdoesn’tchangewith