上海开放大学学士学位英语统一管理英语4 教材文章中英文对照..pdf

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上海开放大学学士学位英语统一管理英语4教材文章中英文对照.

《管理英语4》教材文章（中英文对照）

Unit1

Reading1

FiveBasicFunctionsThatMakeuptheManagementProcess

In1916,aFrenchcoalminedirectornamedHenriFayolwroteabookentitledAdministrationIndustrielleet

Generale,whichsetforthfivedistinctfunctionsofmanagingthatFayolinsistedwereapplicableinany

industry.Inthe1950’s,managementtextbooksbegantoincorporatesomeofFayol’sideasintotheir

content,andtoday,managementcoursesstillusemanyofhisideastoteachmanagementtobusiness

students.

Planning

Planninginvolvesdecidingwheretotakeacompanyandselectingstepstogetthere.Itfirstrequires

managerstobeawareofchallengesfacingtheirbusinesses,andthenitrequiresmanagerstoforecastfuture

businessandeconomicconditions.Theythenformulateobjectivestoreachbycertaindeadlinesanddecide

onstepstoreachthem.Theyre-evaluatetheirplansasconditionschangeandmakeadjustmentsas

necessary.

Organizing

Managersorganizebybringingtogetherphysical,humanandfinancialresourcestoachieveobjectives.They

identifyactivitiestobeaccomplished,classifyactivities,assignactivitiestogroupsorindividuals,create

responsibilitiesanddelegateauthority.Theythencoordinateeverythingsooperationsrunsmoothly.

Leading

Leadingrequiresmanagerstomotivateemployeestoachievebusinessobjectivesandgoals.Itrequiresthe

useofauthoritytoachievethoseendsaswellastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.Effectiveleaderscan

influencetheirpersonneltoviewsituationsfromtheirperspectives.Leadingalsoinvolvessupervisionof

employeesandtheirwork.

Controlling

Controllinginvolvesmeasuringachievementagainstestablishedobjectivesandgoals.Italsorequires

managerstobeabletoidentifysourcesofdeviationfromsuccessfulaccomplishmentandtoprovidea

correctivecourseofaction.Managersfirstestablishobjec

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