国际航运英语80课件.pptxVIP

航运英语江苏海事职业技术学院国际

ModesofTransportation

Amodeoftransportisasolutionthatmakesuseofaparticulartypeofvehicle,infrastructure,andoperation.Thetransportofapersonorofcargomayinvolveonemodeorseveralofthemodes,withthelattercasebeingcalledintermodalormultimodaltransport.Eachmodehasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages,andwillbechosenforatriponthebasisofcost,capability,androute.AAnessentialpartoftransportationmanagementliesinbuildinganefficientsupplychainfromthesixmainmodesoftransportation:?road,?maritime,?air,?rail,?pipelineandmultimodal.B

ModesofTransportLandRoadRailwayAirAirwayWaterRiverSeaCanalPipeline

ModesRoadMaritimeAirRailPipelineMultimodal

RoadTransportationThefirst,andmostcommonmodeoftransportationinlogistics,isroad.Fromwalkingtohorsestowagonstobikestocarstotrucks,roadtransportationhasbeenaroundlongerthanmodeandisutilizedthemostofanymodeinlogistics.

Withthecontinuedimprovementofvehiclesandroadinfrastructure,transportationbyroadisthemostversatileofthefourmainmodeswiththeleastgeographicalconstraints.Thisattributeofroadtransportmakesitthepreferredmodeforsmallerloadsoverashorterdistancesandassuch,roadistheonlymodethatperformsdoor-to-doordeliveries.Consequently,mostshipmentsthatinitiallywerecarriedbyanothermodeoftransportationarecompletedbyroadtransportation.

MaritimeTransportationShippingbywaterhasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyearsandremainspivotaltotoday’sglobaltrade.90%ofallinternationaltradeisaccomplishedthroughmaritimetransportation.Cargoshipstravelonalmosteverymajorbodyofwaterandhavecapacitytotransportthehighestvolumeoffreightofanymodeoftransportationatthelowestcost.A

Thegreatestdisadvantageofmaritimecargoshipsisthespeedatwhichtheyoperate.Byfar,maritimeistheslowestmodeoftransportation.Iti