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August31,2006
Chapter
10
Finiteelementformulationforbeam
problems
Averyusefulgroupofelementsinfiniteelementsoftwarearebeamandshell
elements.Theseelementsareusedtomodelstructuresandcomponentsthatarethin
relativetotheirmajordimensions.Amongexamplesofwherebeamandshellelements
areappliedare:
1.beamandcolumnsofhighrisestructures(Figure10.1a)
2.thesheetmetalandframeofvariousvehicles(cars,trains,tractors)areusually
modeledbyshellelements(Figures10.1b,10.1c,10.1d)
3.thehullofashiporfuselageofanaircraft,whereshellelementsareusedforthe
skin,beamelementsforthestiffeners(Figure10.1e)
Thesalientfeatureofentitiesthatcanbemodeledbybeamorshellelementsisthatthey
arethincomparedtotheirotherdimensionssothatthedistributionofstrainthroughthe
thickness(andhencetheformofthedisplacementfield)takesaverysimpleform.Inthis
Chapter,wewilldescribethetheoryofstructuresindetailforbeams.Wewillthen
sketchtheimplicationsofwhatwehavelearnedfrombeamstoshellelementsand
cursorilydescribesomewidelyusedshellelementssothatthereadercanintelligentlyuse
them.
1
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August31,2006
(a)(b)(c)
(d)(e)
12
Figure10.1Applicationsofbeamandshellelements:(a)building,(b)car,(c)tractor,(d)school
2
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