笔记阅读定义讨论可持续性发展sustainability-notes lw.pdfVIP

Lecturenotes给了不错的结构，括号里的内容为根据reading做的补充和解释

Defineanddiscussdefinitionsof‘sustainability’and‘sustainabledevelopment’.

Ingeneralterms,sustainabilityisaboutconductingbusiness,managingtheeconomy,etc.,inawaythatwill

notharmthewelfareoffuturegenerations.

(AccordingtoBarilocheandBrundtland,thekeyconcernsofsustainabilityshouldwofold:

•Recognitionofthelong-runimpactofresourcesandtoenvironmentalgoods.

•Concernforthewell-beingoffuturegenerations,particularlyinsofarasthisisaffectedbytheir

accesstonaturalresourcesandtoenvironmentalgoods.)

Aneconomistmightdefinesustainabilityas:

•Providingforthematerialneedsofthecurrentgenerationinsuchawayasnottocompromisethe

materialwell-beingoffuturegenerations

•Moregenerally,itmightbedefinedintermsofutility:isingsomemeasureofutilitythat

embracesnotonlythecurrentgeneration,butalsofuturegenerations。

(AccordingtoHicks’definitionofincomeastheumamountthatcouldbespentwithoutreducingreal

consumptioninthefuture,sustainabilitymeansweshouldconsumewithinourincome.Thentheconceptof

incomeinvolvedwouldhavetoincludeincomeofalltypes.

Hick’sdefinitionofincomeisalsoparaphrasedas“theumconsumptionthatmaintainscapitalintact”.

ThenDaleyandPearcearguedforconstancyofnaturalcapitalstocksasaconditionforsustainability.)

Problemswiththeeconomist’sconceptofsustainability:

1.Itisanthropocentric(以人类为中心).Shouldn’twealsocareaboutanimalandplantlife?

2.Economiststendinpracticetodefineutilityintermsofmonetarywealthandconsumption.Arguably,

alargeproportionofutilityisde