插值定义一个函数过程该在指定点本章集中于两个密切相关3 interpolation 27 pages3.pdfVIP

Interpolationistheprocessofdefiningafunctionthattakesonspecifiedvaluesat

specifiedpoints.Thischapterconcentratesontwocloselyrelatedinterpolants:the

piecewisecubicsplineandtheshape-preservingpiecewisecubicnamed“pchip.”

Weallknowthattwopointsdetermineastraightline.Moreprecisely,anytwo

pointsintheplane,(x,y)and(x,y),withx≠x,determineauniquefirst-

degreepolynomialinxwhosegraphpassesthroughthetwopoints.Thereare

manydifferentformulasforthepolynomial,buttheyallleadtothesamestraight

linegraph.

Thisgeneralizestomorethantwopoints.Givennpointsintheplane,

(x,y),k=1,...,n,withdistinctx’s,thereisauniquepolynomialinxofdegree

lessthannwhosegraphpassesthroughthepoints.Itiseasiesttorememberthatn,

thenumberofdatapoints,isalsothenumberofcoefficients,althoughsomeofthe

leadingcoefficientsmightbezero,sothedegreemightactuallybelessthann−1.

Again,therearemanydifferentformulasforthepolynomial,buttheyalldefinethe

samefunction.

Thispolynomialiscalledtheinterpolatingpolynomialbecauseitexactlyre-

producesthegivendata:

P(x)=y,k=1,...,n.

Later,weexamineotherpolynomials,oflowerdegree,thatonlyapproximatethe

data.Theyarenotinterpolatingpolynomials.

ThemostcompactrepresentationoftheinterpolatingpolynomialistheLa-

grangeform



∑∏x−x

P(x)=x−xy.

̸

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