有机化合物基础：甲烷性质与结构.pdfVIP

Section1Thesimptorganiccompound-methane

son1Propertiesof

Methane

[TargetNaviion]1.Understandtheconceptoforganiccompoundsandthe

bondingcharacteristicsofcarbonatoms.2.Understandthesourcesandmain

usesofmethane.3.Understandthemolecularstructureofmethaneandmaster

thepropertiesofmethane.4.Understandtheconceptofsubstitutionreaction.

1.Theexistence,structureandphysical

propertiesofmethane

1.存在

Methaneisthemaincomponentofnaturalgas,biogas,oilfieldgasandcoal

minetunnelgas.

2.Molecular

structure

ThemolecularformulaofmethaneisCH;theelectronicformulais;thestructural

4

。

formulais

Experimentshaveshownthatmethanemolecuhavearegulartetrahedralstructure,inwhichthe

，

fourC—Hbondshavethesamelengthandstrength.

Theincludedangareequal.

3.Physical

properties

ColorConditionOdorDensity(comparedtoair)Watersolubility

colorsgasodors比空气小极难溶

Warning:Organiccompoundsmustcontaincarbonelement,but

compoundscontainingcarbonelementarenotnecessarilyorganic

compounds,suchasCO,CO2,carbonicacidanditssalts,etc.

【议一议】

1．(1)CH是正四面体结构，Cl、CHCl、CHCl、CCl也都是正四面体

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结构吗？

(2)如果甲烷是平面结构，则CHCl有几种结构？实际上有几种结构？

22

(1)CH4是正四面体结构，碳原子处于正四面体的，四个氢原子处

于正四面体的四个顶点上。根据甲烷是正四面体结构推理，有机物分子中碳