力学与压力第三章：力矩计算与平衡原理.pdfVIP

ChapterIIIForceandPressure

3.1Forceandturningeffects

Momentofaforce(明确力矩的概念，算力矩，重要考点)

Themomentofaforcedependsonthesizeoftheforceandthedistanceoftheforcefromthe

turningcentreorapivot.Itisdefinedby

M=Fd

MmomentofaforceFforcedperpendiculardistance(fromthepivotto

theforce)SIunit:NmVector

Principleofmoments（明确概念，运用等式计算，重要考点）

Ifanobjectisinequilibrium:totalanticlockwisemoments=totalclockwisemoments.

Exercise

Whenthelightrulerinthefigureisbalanced,

whatistheweightW?

(b)whatisthereactionatthepivotP?

(a)Whentherulerisinequilibrium,

totalanticlockwisemoment=totalclockwisemoment

w×20=4×15+1×40

w=5N

(b)Sincetherulerisnotmoving,theupwardforcemustequalthedownwardforce

Theupwardforceisthereactionatthepivot.

Thedownwardforce=1N+4N+5N=10N

So,thereactionatthepivotis10N,upward.

3.2Centreofmass（了解质心，重心的含义）

Centreofgravity

Thecentreofgravityofabodyofmatterisanimaginarypointatwhichtheentireweightofthe

bodyseemstoact.

Centreofmass

Thecentreofmassofabodyofmatterisanimaginarypointatwhichtheentireforceofthe

bodyseemstoact.

Whenabodyisinanuniformgravitationalfield,itscentreofgravityisalsoitscentreofmass.

Exercise（明确如何来寻找重心，考点）

Howtodeterminethepositionofcentreofmassofanirregular-shapednelamina?

Apparatus:

laminaofcardboard,pin,plumbline

steps:

第三章力与

3.1力和转动效应

力的瞬间（明确一瞬间的概念、算一瞬间、重要考点）

力的力矩取决于力的大小以及力与转动或枢轴的距离。它的定义为

M=Fd

M‑‑‑‑‑力矩F‑‑‑‑‑力d‑‑‑‑‑垂直距离（从枢轴到力）SIunit:Nm矢量

矩原理(明确概念,运用等式计算,重要考点)

如果物体处于平衡状态：总逆时针力矩