颅内压增高病因、临床表现及治疗方案.pdfVIP

颅内压增高

（1）病因

（2）临床表现

（3）治疗

颅内压增高的病因：

三大：

1.颅腔内容物的体积增大

2.颅内占位变使颅内空间相对变小

3.性畸形使颅腔的容积变小

成人的正常颅内压为70～200mmH2O

引起颅内压增高的疾病

颅内压增高的临床表现

头痛

是颅内压增高的最常见症状之一

以早晨或晚间较重

部位多在额部及颞部

用力、咳嗽、弯腰或低头活动时常使头痛加重

头痛剧烈时可伴有和

呈喷射性

可发生电解质紊乱

视神经水肿

以上是颅内压增高的典型表现，称之为颅内压增高“三主征”。

治疗

降低颅内压治疗

increased

intracranial

pressure

(1)Cause

(2)Clinical

manifestations

(3)Treatment

Causesofincreasedintracranialpressure:

Threemainreasons:

1.Thevolumeofthecontentsofthecranialc

avityincreases.2.Intracranialspace-occupying

ionsmaketheintracranialspacerelatively

smaller.3.Congenitalmalformationsmakethe

volumeofthecranialcavitysmaller.Thenormal

intracranialpressureinadultsis70～200mmHO.

2

Diseasesthatcauseincreasedintracranial

pressure

Clinicalmanifestationsofincreasedintracranialpressure

Headacheisoneofthemostcommonsymptomsof

increasedintracranialpressure.Itismoresevereinthe

morningorevening.Itismostlylocatedontheforehead

andtemp.Headacheisoftenaggravatedbyexerting

force,coughing,bendingorloweringthehead.Vomiting.

Whentheheadacheissevere,itmaybeaccompaniedby

vomitingandnausea.Itisprojectileandcancause

electrolyteimbalance.Papilledema.

Theabovethreepointsaretypicalmanifestationsofincreasedintracranialpressure,whichare

calledthethreemainsignsofincreasedintracranialpressure.

TreatmentTreatment

toreduceintracranial

pressure

1.限制液体入量：限制每日1500～2000ml，输液