代数解题方法与应用实例分析.pdfVIP

1.Giventhatxy+x+y=5andx+12,computey+1.

Answer:3

Solution1:UsingSimon’sFavoriteFactoringTrick,wehavethat(x+1)(y+1)−1=5.

Substitutinginx+1=2,wegetthat

2(y+1)−1=5

2(y+1)=6

y+13.

Solution2:Sincex+12,wecansolveforxtogetx1.Pluggingthisintothe

firstequation,wehavethaty+1+y5,sowemaysolveforytogety2.Therefore,

y+13=.

2.Findthesumofthesquaresoftherootsofx2−5x−7.

Answer:39

Solution:Letaandbbetherootsofx2−5x−7.Wewishtoavoidexplicitlycalculating

the(irrational)rootsofthepolynomial.ByVieta’sformulas,weknowthata+b=5and

ab−7;hence,wecanrewriteourexpressiontogeta22239

+b=(a+b)−2ab=25+2·7=.

3.Leta,a,a,...,abeanarithmeticsequencewithcommondifference3.Supposethata,a,

123613

andaalsoformageometricsequence.Computea.

61

Answer:12

Solution:Leta=a.Sincea,a,aformageometricsequence,thereexistsacommon

1136

2

ratiorsuchthata3a+6aranda6a+15ar.Isolatingbothequationsinterms

ofrgivesusthatr=1+6andr2=1+15,so

a