异构计算架构原理.pptxVIP

Heterogeneouscomputingarchitecturedesignprinciples异构计算架构设计原理主讲教师：张捷Lecturer:ZhangJie

在大型游戏或科学计算中，为什么有时候CPU再强也依旧需要GPU的参与？Indemandinggamesorscientificcomputing,whyisitsometimesnecessaryforaGPUtoparticipateevenwhentheCPUispowerfulenough?

异构计算架构的概念TheconceptofheterogeneouscomputingarchitectureCPU（中央处理器）GPU（图形处理器）异构计算（HeterogeneousComputing）是指在同一系统中集成多种计算单元，如NPU（神经网络处理单元）FPGA（可编程逻辑阵列）Heterogeneouscomputingreferstotheintegrationofmultiplecomputingunitswithinthesamesystem,suchas:CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)GPU(GraphicsProcessingUnit)NPU(NeuralProcessingUnit)FPGA(FPGAProgrammableLogicArray)

主要计算单元及特性MaincomputingunitsandcharacteristicsCPU（中央处理器）CPU(CentralProcessingUnit)特点：通用性强，适合控制密集任务Features:Highlyversatile,suitableforintensivecontroltasks角色：作为主控核心，负责任务调度、逻辑控制及异构资源管理Role:Asthemaincontrolcore,responsiblefortaskscheduling,logiccontrol,andheterogeneousresourcemanagementCPU架构简易示图SimplifiedDiagramofCPUArchitecture

主要计算单元及特性MaincomputingunitsandcharacteristicsGPU（图形处理器）GPU(GraphicsProcessingUnit)角色：用于加速矩阵运算、图像渲染、深度学习推理等。Role:Usedtoacceleratematrixoperations,imagerendering,deeplearninginference,etc.GPU架构简易示图SimplifiedDiagramofGPUArchitecture特点：具备大规模并行计算能力，擅长数据密集型计算。Features:Possessesmassivelyparallelcomputingcapabilities,excellingatdata-intensivecomputations.

主要计算单元及特性MaincomputingunitsandcharacteristicsNPU(神经网络处理器)NPU(NeuralProcessingUnit)角色：执行神经网络推理、训练及AI加速任务。Role:Performsneuralnetworkinference,training,andAIaccelerationtasks.特点：专为AI模型计算优化，具备高吞吐量与低能耗特征。Features:OptimizedforAImodelcomputation,featuringhighthroughputandlowpowerconsumption.

主要计算单元及特性MaincomputingunitsandcharacteristicsFPGA（现场可编程门阵列）FPGA(Field-ProgrammableGateArray)特点：可根据需求动态配置硬件逻辑电路，灵活性高。Features:Highlyflexible,allowingfordynamicconfigurationofhardwarelogiccircuitstomeetspecificneeds.角色：适合特定算法的硬件级优化，如信号处理、加密计算等。Role:Suitablefor