《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》——浸出方法重难点答疑.docxVIP

湿法冶金浸出方法重难点答疑

QAonKeyandDifficultQuestionsinHydrometallurgicalLeachingMethods

一、常见重点问题答疑

I.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedKeyQuestions

1.搅拌浸出、高压浸出、渗滤浸出和堆浸四种方法的核心原理及适用矿石类型分别是什么？

1.Whatarethecoreprinciplesandapplicableoretypesofthefourmethodsofstirringleaching,high-pressureleaching,percolationleachingandheapleaching?

解答：搅拌浸出：通过机械搅拌（80-120rpm）强化固液传质，适用于-200目占80%以上的高品位矿（如锌焙砂）；

Answer:Stirringleaching:Strengtheningsolid-liquidmasstransferthroughmechanicalstirring(80-120rpm),itissuitableforhigh-gradeoreswith-200meshaccountingformorethan80%(suchaszinccalcine);

高压浸出：在高温（150-220℃）、高压（1-3MPa）下破坏硫化物晶体结构，适用于难溶硫化矿（如黄铜矿、镍锍）；

High-pressureleaching:Itdestroysthesulfidecrystalstructureathightemperature(150-220℃)andhighpressure(1-3MPa),andissuitableforinsolublesulfideores(suchaschalcopyriteandnickelmatte);

渗滤浸出：依靠重力使浸出剂渗透矿粒，适用于10-50mm的多孔矿石（如氧化铜矿）；堆浸：通过喷淋布液与自然渗透处理低品位矿，适用于0.1-0.5%Cu的低品位矿石。。

Percolationleaching:Relyingongravitytomaketheleachingagentpenetratetheoreparticles,itissuitableforporousoresof10-50mm(suchascopperoxideore);heapleaching:Treatmentoflowgradeorebysprayingliquidandnaturalinfiltration,itissuitableforlowgradeoreof0.1-0.5%Cu.

2.高压反应釜的安全操作流程包含哪些关键步骤？压力和温度控制要求是什么？

2.Whatarethekeystepsincludedinthesafeoperationprocessofthehigh-pressurereactor?Whatarethepressureandtemperaturecontrolrequirements?

解答：安全操作流程包括：氮气置换→分段加压→在线监测压力波动（＜5%）。控制要求：压力梯度≤0.1MPa/min，工作压力1-3MPa（氧分压0.6-0.8MPa）；温度150-220℃，升温速率≤5℃/min，双泄压系统（安全阀设定压力为工作压力1.1倍+爆破片1.15倍）保障安全。

Answer:Thesafeoperationprocessincludes:nitrogendisplacement→segmentedpressurization→onlinemonitoringofpressurefluctuations(5%).Controlrequirements:Pressuregradient≤0.1MPa/min,workingpressure1-3MPa(oxygenpartialpressure0.6-0.8MPa);Thetemperatureis150-220°C,theheatingrateis≤5°C/min,andthedoublepressurereliefsystem(the