《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件——熔点概念及测定方法（双语）.pptxVIP

项目八：常规物理常数与性能分析任务二：熔点的测定熔点概念及测定方法课程：工业分析中文

Scenario8:PhysicalconstantsandperformancetestingTask2:DeterminationofmeltingpointTheconceptandmeasurementmethodofmeltingpointCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish

熔点：指一种物质由固体熔化成液体的温度，用Tmp表示。熔程：初熔温度与全熔温度的间距纯净的固体有机物熔程一般不超过0.5～1℃一、熔点的基本知识物质熔化过程中文

Meltingpoint:referstothetemperatureatwhichasubstancemeltsfromasolidtoaliquid,expressedinTmp.Meltingprocess:thedistancebetweentheinitialmeltingtemperatureandthefullmeltingtemperatureThemeltingrangeofpuresolidorganicmattergenerallydoesnotexceed0.5-1℃一、BasicknowledgeofmeltingpointTheprocessofmaterialmeltingbescaredsamplecontractdropletsappearclearEglish

注意：在鉴定某未知物时，如测得其熔点和已知物的熔点相同或相近时，不能认为它们为同一物质。还需把它们混合，测该混合物的熔点，若熔点仍不变，才能认为它们为同一物质。1、测定熔点的意义熔点是固体化合物在1个标准大气压下固—液两相处于平衡时的温度。含有杂质时，会使其熔点下降，熔程延长。中文

payattentionto：Whenidentifyinganunknownsubstance,ifthemeltingpointoftheunknownsubstanceisthesameorsimilartothatoftheknownsubstance,theycannotbeconsideredasthesamesubstance.Itisnecessarytomixthemandmeasurethemeltingpointofthemixture.Ifthemeltingpointremainsunchanged,theycanbeconsideredasthesamesubstance.1、ThesignificanceofmeasuringmeltingpointThemeltingpointisthetemperatureatwhichasolidcompoundisinequilibriumbetweenthesolidandliquidphases(atstandardatmosphericpressure).Whenasolidcontainsimpurities,theimpuritieswillloweritsmeltingpointandprolongitsmeltingrange.Eglish

2、熔点与物质本质的关系同系物中熔点随相对分子质量的增大而增高。分子中引入能形成氢键的官能团后，熔点也会升高，形成氢键的机会越多，熔点越高。m.p=-83℃m.p=-117℃中文

2、TherelationshipbetweenmeltingpointandtheessenceofmatterThemeltingpointinhomologouscompoundsincreaseswiththeincreaseofrelativemolecularweight.Afterintroducingfunctionalgroupsthatcanformhydrogenbondsintothemolecule,themeltingpointalsoincreases,andthemoreopportunitiesforhydrogenbonding,thehigherthemeltingpoin