第一章植物学基础2-营养与食品卫生.pptVIP

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  • 2026-01-14 发布于江西
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第一章营养学基础;Maincontents;Carbohydratesareoneofthethreemacronutrienttypesthatprovideenergytoourbodies.Carbohydratescontaincarbon,hydrogen,andoxygen.

碳水化合物:属三大能量营养素之一,主要由碳、氢、氧构成。;Weobtainedcarbohydratespredominantlyfromplantfoodssuchasfruits,vegetables,andgrain.

;Plantsmakecarbohydratesthroughtheprocessofphotosynthesis;二、碳水化合物的分类

Classificationofcarbohydrates;HO;Monosaccharides-Glucose(葡萄糖);Monosaccharides-Fructose(果糖);Monosaccharides-Galactose(半乳糖);Sweetestmonosaccharides?

Themostabundantmonosaccharides?;Disaccharide(双糖);Disaccharides–Lactose(乳糖);Disaccharides—Maltose(麦芽糖);Disaccharides—Sucrose(蔗糖);哪种双糖最甜--麦芽糖,蔗糖,乳糖?;Oligosaccharide(寡糖);Polysaccharides(多糖);Polysaccharides;Polysaccharide--Starch;Ourbodieseasilydigestmoststarches,wecallthemdigestiblestarch(可吸收淀粉).

根据其结构可分为直链淀粉(amylose)和支链淀粉(amylopectin),前者易使食物老化,后者易使食物糊化(gelatinization)。;However,somestarchinplantsisnotdigestibleandiscalledresistantstarch(抗性淀粉).

抗性淀粉:指健康者小肠中不吸收的淀粉及其降解产物。;Whenourintestinalbacteriatrytodigestresistantstarch,afattyacidcalledbutyrateisproduced.

Consumingresistantstarchmaybebeneficialbecausebutyrateissuggestedtoreducetheriskofcancer.;Glycogen:Apolysaccharidestoredinanimals,includinghumans.

Verylittleglycogenexistsinfood.

Thus,glycogenisnotadietarysourceofcarbohydrate.

;Whichtissuesareabundantinglycogen?;Basedonthewatersolubleability,fibercanbeclassifiedintosolublefibersandinsolublefibers.

Insolublefibers(不溶性纤维):cellulose(纤维素),hemicellulose(半纤维素)andxylogen(木质素).

Solublefibers(可溶性纤维):果胶(pectin),树胶和粘胶.;膳食纤维(dietaryfiber):是指植物性食物或原料中糖苷键大于3个,不能被人体小肠消化和吸收,但对人体健康有意义的碳水化合物。

膳食纤维包括部分非淀粉多糖(纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶等)、抗性淀粉、葡聚糖以及部分低聚糖等。;(1)增强肠道功能、有利粪便排出

Helpspreventconstipationandotherintestinalproblemsbykeepingourstoolsmoistandsoft.;(2)控制体重和减肥

Mayenhanceweightloss,aseatingahighfiberdietcausesapersontofeelmorefull.

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